Wondery’s podcast American History Tellers takes you to the events, times and people that shaped America and Americans — our values, our struggles and our dreams. In the early 1800s, slavery rapidly expanded across the American South. But each year, thousands of courageous enslaved men, women, and children fled their owners in search of freedom. And in Philadelphia, secret allies came to their aid. Quaker abolitionists collaborated with free Black people to bring the freedom seekers to safety. It was the start of the Underground Railroad, a clandestine network of activists, safe houses, and escape routes that would help tens of thousands of enslaved people flee bondage in the decades before the Civil War and challenge the very roots of American slavery. This is just a preview of American History Tellers. You can listen to the full episode wherever you get your podcasts, or at Wondery.fm/AHTURHoSWW Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AUSA’s Army Matters podcast amplifies the voices of the Total Army – one story at a time. Join hosts LTG (Ret.) Les Smith and SMA (Ret.) Dan Dailey every other Wednesday as they interview the modern chroniclers of the Army experience to discuss inspiring leadership stories, current issues faced by Soldiers and our military families’ journeys. Start listening now wherever you listen to podcasts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Check out History Daily for your daily history podcast fix: History Daily - podfollow.com Contact [email protected] to advertise on History of the Second World War.  History of the Second World War is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It seemed clear that nobody wanted to force the government in Prague to accept the Godesberg Memorandum and its demands, and war loomed on the horizon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Chamberlain would triumphantly arrive at Bad Godesberg with the agreements from Prague in hand, the Munich Crisis was now over....and then it absolutely was not. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

...because we were left alone. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

One of the major events leading up to the Munich agreement was a series of two personal conversations between the British Prime Minister Nivelle Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler. The original idea for these conversations originated in London during conversations that would occur in late August Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the events of May and the phantom invasion and Czechoslovakian mobilization, the overall vibe in the area was tense. It also had a real effect on many governmental ministers all over Europe as for the first time in 20 years they had been pushed to what felt like the brink of a European wide war. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In May 1938 a rumor would begin circulating, based on intelligence gathered by Czechoslovak and British sources, that Germany was about to launch an invasion. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On September 30, 1938 one of the more controversial events of the interwar period would occur. But first, some background. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We have talked about the Maginot Line and rearmament, now it is time to look at what the French army was planning to do. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

If France wanted to compete militarily with the growing power of Germany, it was going to have to start a serious effort to rearm itself. Email: [email protected]: WorldWar2PodWebsite: historyofthesecondworldwar.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Usually these interviews start with a topic and go from there, but in this case I was joined by Dr. Alexander Clarke for a wide ranging discussion on naval history. We talked about the Royal Navy, the perception of its preparations for war, the role that naval aviation played in naval planning during the interwar years, Dr. Clarke's upcoming book on British destroyers, and several other topics. You can find Dr. Clarke's upcoming book Tribals, Battles and Darings: The Genesis of the Modern Destroyer at:https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Tribals-Battles-Darings/p/18442https://www.usni.org/press/books/tribals-battles-and-daringsYou can find far more Dr. Clarke over at:http://twitter.com/AC_NavalHistoryhttp://youtube.com/DrAlexanderClarke Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the last years before the war there were many different concerns in Paris, honestly too many to cover in one episode, but this episode discusses a few of them. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the wars were over, there were millions of veterans and each nation and each group of veterans found themselves in different positions. In this interview I was joined by Dr. Martin Crotty, Dr. Neil Diamant, and Dr. Mark Edele to discuss their book that looks at the experiences of veterans from many different nations after both World Wars. Check out The Politics of Veteran Benefits in the Twentieth Century here https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501751639/the-politics-of-veteran-benefits-in-the-twentieth-century/#bookTabs=1 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With the victory of the Popular Front it was time to completely transform French society, to fix all of the problems they had identified in the previous years....right? RIGHT?! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The events of February 6th 1934 would result in a new unity on the French Left, enter the Popular Front. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Release Note: I was unable to record this week, so pulling forward this interview that was going to release later this year. In this interview I was joined by Dr. Michael Hankins to discuss Fighter Pilot Nostalgia before, during and after the Second World War. The conversation ends up far past the Second World War, but I simply cannot resist a discussion of jet fighters. You can follow Dr. Hankins on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HankinstienDr. Hankins' Website: http://mwhankins.com/index.htmlFlying Camelot: The F-15, the F-16, and the Weaponization of Fighter Pilot Nostalgia: https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501760655/flying-camelot/From Balloons to Drones: https://balloonstodrones.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Among the most important projects by France during the 1930s would be relations with other nations. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After their victory during the First World War the French had some very real problems. Those problems and their possible solutions would shape French policy during the interwar years. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the interwar period the French decided to take a bit of concrete and build some fortifications, 5 billion Francs later they had completed an impressive bit of construction. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Follow Dr. Millington on Twitter: @DrCMillingtonA History of Fascism in France: From the First World War to the National Front https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/history-of-fascism-in-france-9781350006539 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When the Anschluss occurred, there would be no fighting. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During February 1938 relations between Austria and Germany begin to spiral out of control. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On November 5th 1937 a meeting would take place where Hitler would outline the situation in Europe as he saw it, and why Germany would soon have to go to war. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The concept of joining Austria and Germany was not a new idea though, and certainly not one that originated in Nazi Germany. It was instead something that was quite popular at various points in the past, and during this episode we will look at the roots of Pan-Germanism as a movement in the months and years immediately following the end of the First World War, and also why those Pan-Germanist dreams were not fulfilled after 1918. The movement would then have an interesting evolution as its strongest supporters in 1919 would be its strongest opponents in 1938, and shift that we will touch on both in this episode and in episode 58. Website: http://www.historyofthesecondworldwar.comPatreon: http://www.patreon.com/historyofhegreatwarApple Podcast Subscription: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/channel/history-of-the-world-wars/id6442476986?ls=1&at=1010l36mt&ct=01Twitter: @WorldWar2PodFacebook: historyofthesecondworldwar Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we talk about what we will be talking about. Website: http://www.historyofthesecondworldwar.comPatreon: http://www.patreon.com/historyofhegreatwarApple Podcast Subscription: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/channel/history-of-the-world-wars/id6442476986?ls=1&at=1010l36mt&ct=01Twitter: @WorldWar2PodFacebook: historyofthesecondworldwar Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the fall of Nanking, there was still no end in sight for the fighting in China. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the Japanese Army took Nanking in December, what would follow was pain, death, and suffering. Jutland Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymr1u5hy1XQ&t=1s Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With the Japanese landings from Hangzou Bay the Chinese positions in and around Shanghai become completely untenable. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the fighting spilled outside the city with Japanese landings on the river, the fighting would continue for months. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

While the Japanese invasion of northern China continued, further south the first major battle of the war was about to begin in the streets of Shanghai. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The establishment of the puppet state of Manchuria would not be the end of the adventures of the Japanese in China, and instead they would endeavor over the course of the next decade to extend their influence, and during that expansion they would eventually fall into a full scale war with China. This episode will first look at why the Japanese felt they had to constantly increase the territory under their control, before looking at the Marco Polo Bridge incident, which would ignite the Second Sino-Japanese War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1930s China would experience a devastating invasion. This invasion was launched by the Japanese who were trying to obtain greater access to the natural resources available in Manchuria and northern China. The result would be the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, a devastating conflict, and perhaps the start of the Second World War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Spanish Civil War was over, but its legacy would live on, both inside Spain and in a Europe that was soon plunging into a much larger conflict. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Everything that has a beginning has an end. MERCH! https://www.teepublic.com/stores/history-of-the-second-world-war-podcastIntelligent Speech 4/24: https://www.intelligentspeechconference.com/shop/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Register for Intelligent Speech! https://www.intelligentspeechconference.com/shop/ and use code GREATAfter the defeat at the Battle of Teruel, and with Valencia under threat, the Republic launches yet another attack, this time across the River Ebro. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The large Republican attacks on the city of Teruel would backfire, and result not in victory, but with the Nationalists reaching the coast, cutting Republican Spain in two. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Tom Wardle. Tom's research focuses on memory activism and how the Spanish Civil War is remembered, and how that memory is fought over, in modern day Spain. When discussing history it can be easy to fall into just discussing Person A did thing B on date C, when in fact one of the most important aspects of history is not just what happened, but also what the effects of those events were, and how we today remember those events. Near the end of our discussions Tom mentions the award winning 2018 documentary The Silence of Others, which I recommend to anybody who wants to learn more about some of the subjects we discuss. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Louis Dean Valencia. Our conversation covered several different topics, including the concept of alt/histories, or the purposeful misrepresentation of history to serve a specific, often political, purpose. This idea is in no way limited to the history of the Spanish Civil War, or the Second World War, but is a concept that can be found throughout history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Stephanie Wright. The author of “Glorious Brothers, Unsuitable Lovers: Moroccan Veterans, Spanish Women, and the Mechanisms of Francoist Paternalism.” We discussed the treatment of wounded war veterans in post-Civil War Spain and Morocco. We also discuss Dr. Wright's current research into sexual violence in Francoist Spain. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I will be giving a talk at Intelligent Speech 2021 on April 24th. Register now to hear me talk about the Czech Legion, and excellent presentations from 40 other presenters. Use code: great in the cart for an extra 10% discountBuy here! https://www.intelligentspeechconference.com/shop/= Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Two Republican attacks were launched in the hope of forcing forces to be moved from the north to other areas of Spain. These two attacks, at Guadarrama and Huesca will be our first topic for this episode. However, the primary focus will be on the battle of Brunete. This attack would be launched in July 1937 by the Republican Army and it would achieve one of its goals of forcing the Nationalists to move troops away from their attacks in the north, even if it was in reality too late to halt the collapse of the enclave. The Republicans would commit their best troops, and most of their armor assets, to the attack at Brunete and the failure of the attack would begin a clear decline in the fighting capabilities of the Republican forces, from which they would never really recover. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Stephen Rainbird. Stephen's research focuses on the political relationship between Spain, Britain, and Portugal in the years before and during the Second World War. Our conversation focused mostly on the reaction of British political leaders to the events in Spain that led up to the Civil War, and then some of the reasons that the British government chose the path that it did during the conflict. We also discuss the very important matter of piracy in the Mediterranean during the war, where the pirates somehow got ahold of Italian submarines, spoke Italian, and were getting paid by the Italian government, weird situation really. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the opening battles of the Civil War, behind the front the political maneuverings would continue. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-scots-and-the-spanish-civil-war.htmlOn this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Fraser Raeburn. This interview continues our series of regional specific discussions, in this case about Scotland and how people in Scotland reacted to the Spanish Civil War, why some of them chose to go to Spain to fight in the International Brigades, and the humanitarian efforts that originated in Scotland. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Charles Esdaile. Unlike some of the other interviews I have done for this series, this interview focuses very heavily on the military side of the conflict. At the end of the day the Spanish Civil War was a military conflict, and the military side of the story does deserve some attention. One of the interesting items that we discussed was how a seemingly small decision, how military units were organized, could have consequences that caused issues for the Republicans even outside the military theater. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the failure to take Madrid, the Nationalist shift their focus, and in their sights is the Republican Enclave in northern Spain. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Jess Thorne to discuss the treatment and experiences of prisoners during the Civil War and after. Discussing prisoners during a Civil War is always interesting because their experiences are often quite different than what is experienced by more traditional Prisoners of War. There was a political dimension for why they were imprisoned during the war, and then why they were kept in prison after the war was over and we discuss that dimension and the consequences of it. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Charlotte Walmsley a PhD researcher focusing on post-conflict gender violence. Gender violence is a phrase that we use several times in this interview, and so I thought it would be good to give a clear and concise definition of the term. I am by no means an expert on the topic, but there is a good quote from the European Institute for Gender Equality: "Gender-based violence and violence against women are terms that are often used interchangeably as it has been widely acknowledged that most gender-based violence is inflicted on women and girls, by men. However, using the ‘gender-based’ aspect is important as it highlights the fact that many forms of violence against women are rooted in power inequalities between women and men." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the Nationalist attack on Madrid was stopped, they shifted tactics and attempted to surround the capital with an attack from the south across the Jarama river and from the north near Guadalajara. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Jess McIvor, a PhD researcher to discuss the portrayal of women fighters during the Spanish Civil War. One of the really interesting pieces of the story of the Civil War is how it interacted with the views of the different groups around what they felt Spanish society was and should be. The presence of women within the militia units early in the war gave this ideological conflict a greater urgency and focus. Jess also mentions several excellent authors throughout the interview, which you can find linked to on the website over at historyofthesecondworldwar.com/interviews. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Karl Qualls to discuss his research into the Spanish child refugees that would make their way to the Soviet Union during the Spanish Civil War. These children would have unique experiences during their time within the Soviet Union, first expected to be a few months, turned into years and then decades. Many of them would never be able to openly return to Spain, and the Soviet Union would become their new home. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

While the Spanish Civil War was Spanish in both origin and participation, there would be both diplomatic and military involvement from other nations around the world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Ed Packard from the Basque Children Association. We discussed the story of the 4000 children that were brought to Britain in 1937. These children came to Britain at a time when their homes and their families were in serious danger, and their story is a mixture of fascinating and heartbreaking. If you want to learn more you go go to basquechildren.org, which I have included a link for in the show notes and on the podcast's website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Madrid was the capital of Spain, and with its location in the center of the Iberian peninsula it was within striking distance of a nationalist advance. Capturing the city would be a huge political victory for the Nationalists, and so it would be the site of one of the first major battles of the Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Alexander Clifford to discuss the International Brigades which would be such an important part of the Spanish Civil War. These groups of international volunteers would bolster the Republican cause, both from a public relations perspective as well as on the battlefields of Spain. We discussed why these individuals chose to go to Spain, what they experienced during their time fighting in the war, and their view of the war when it was over. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Harry Taylor, a PhD researcher who focuses on the reaction of Britain to the Spanish Civil War. Harry has done a lot of research into information like how the Civil War was portrayed in British newspapers and the grassroots efforts to try and assist those experiencing hardship in Spain. We talked about many different topics, including milk tokens, a very ingenious way of bringing awareness to the public and of raising money for powdered milk to send to Spain. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode we will discuss how the Republican zone of control was organized and some of the disagreements between the various factions. As these disagreements will be an essential theme of this entire series of episodes, this will not be the last time we discuss it. We will also end this episode with some discussion of the role of women within the Republic, and how that participation differed from the gender expectations before the war, and also how the Nationalists used that difference as part of their propaganda campaign. A few of the interviews will also focus on this topic, with some excellent individuals who are far more knowledgeable about the subject than I am. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Ariel Lambe from the University of Connecticut to discuss her book No Barrier Can Contain It: Cuban Antifascism and the Spanish Civil War as well as her ongoing researching into Cuban antifascism in the period surrounding the Spanish Civil War. My conversation with Dr. Lambe was fascinating, and provided unique insight into events in Cuba before and after the Civil War, and how those events were both related to events in Spain and uniquely Cuban. Cuba was in a somewhat unique position given its colonial past and its continuing connections with Spain and its rich history. We also discussed the somewhat unique role that Cuban volunteers in Spain would play due to their bilingual and international nature. One of the topics that I knew nothing about that we touched on near the end of our interview was the effects that the civil war had on the political situation within Cuba, and how it played a role in altering the course of Cuban history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We check in with the leadership situation in the aftermath of the coup, and then discuss the violence of the opening months of what was rapidly becoming a civil war. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Morris Brodie. One of the major reasons I wanted to do this interview series was to talk to people who had done research into the reactions of people outside of Spain to the events occurring within Spain. It can be challenging to research this myself given the scale of the world, and I was very excited with Dr. Brodie agreed to do the interview. Dr. Brodie is the author of Transatlantic Anarchism During the Spanish Civil War and Revolution, 1936-1939: Fury Over Spain which discusses the anarchist movements in Britain, Ireland, and the United States before and during the Spanish Civil War. This will be just the first of several interviews in which we discuss how various groups around the world viewed the Spanish Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War series I chatted with Dr. Danny Evans. Some of our previous interviews in this series revolved around Anarchism, and this time I discussed the Anarchist movement during the Civil War. We discussed the preparedness of the Anarchist groups for the war, their reactions to the start of the conflict, and then many of the political developments that occurred within the Republican camp as the Civil War developed. One topic that we discuss, that I think is worth reiterating here before the episode begins is that it can be easy to categorize people into certain political ideologies based on their self-categorization or due to the groups that they belong to. However, when looking at historical individuals or movements, it is far more important to look not at their statements or titles, but instead at their actions. This is true for Communists like we discuss in this episode, but can also be applied to many other groups at almost any time in history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As political unrest escalated military leaders all across Spain and Morocco began to put in place a plan to drastically alter the situation in Spain. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Matthew Kerry the author of Unite, Proletarian Brothers! Radicalism and Republicanism in the Second Spanish Republic which was released earlier this year. Our discussion focused on the events in Asturias, a region of Spain, in 1934. During October 1934, there would be a national strike throughout Spain, and in most areas this strike would be either quickly broken up or would rapidly burn itself out. However in Asturias the strike would morph into a true revolution and for two weeks Asturias would be under the control of revolutionary committees. In the end 1700 people would be killed in Asturias, and 260 members of the Spanish military. One of the topics that we touch on near the end and which I think is really important is the role that Asturias would play in Franco's narrative of imminent and very possible revolution during and after the events of the Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is our first episode in our Spanish Civil War interview series. In the decades before the Spanish Civil War Spain had experienced a very rocky political period. The Spanish economy had been somewhat precarious even before the economic upheavals of the First World War, and the resulting economic booms and busts of that war would set the country up for a tumultuous 1920s and 1930s. There were many different political beliefs present in Spain at this time, and one political ideology that would gain a lot of traction within Spain was Anarchism. In the following interview I chatted with Dr. James Yeoman to discuss why the Anarchist movement was so well supported within Spain, and how the role of anarchist groups both within Spain and as viewed by international Anarchists, played an important role in the years before the Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Over the last few months I have been recording interviews with a host of excellent guests. All of these interviews have been centered around one topic, the Spanish Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is the first interview for the podcast, but certainly not the last. Last week I released the Warspite special, when I did that I did the normal social media stuff, and when I posted on Twitter Iain Ballantyne was tagged. For every series of episodes for the podcast there is a foundational source, it is sometimes the book I read first, sometimes the book I find the most useful, but there is always something that functions as the baseline for all of my other research. For the Warspite special that episode was Mr. Ballantyne's Warspite. After a bit of back and forth on Twitter we ended up arranging an interview that was done just the past Wednesday, and I wanted to get it out as soon as possible. I hope you enjoy it, our conversation discussed a few pieces of the podcast, and some of the research that Mr. Ballantyne did for the book. If you would like to check out any of Mr. Ballantyne's books you can find a link in the show notes or on the website over at historyofthesecondworldwar.com/interviews. You can look forward to more interviews starting on Sunday December 13th, at which point the Spanish Civil War Interview series will begin.Find other works by Iain Ballantyne at http://iainballantyne.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Spanish politics would have a rough and rocky century before the First World War, and the uncertainty was only beginning. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the Italians moved into Ethiopia there was little doubt in how the war would end, unless another European power became involved. Sources:* Great Britain and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935-1936 by Louis John Smith* Black Nationalism and the Italo-Ethiopian Conflict 1934-1936 by William r. Scott* 'No More Hoares to Pairs': British Foreign policymaking and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935 by Andrew Holt* Canada, Sanctions, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935 by Brock Millman* Between Rome and London: Pius XI, the Catholic Church, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935-1936 by Peter C. Kent* The Catholic Missions, British West African Nationalists, and the Italian Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935-36 by S.K.B. Asante* The Effect of Italy's Expansionist Policies on Anglo-Egyptian Relations in 1935 by L. Morsy* The Ethiopian Intelligentsia and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1941 by Bahru Zewde* Imperial Links: The Italian-Ethiopian War and Japanese New Order Thinking, 1935-36 by Reto Hofmann* Imperial Defense in the Mediterranean on the Eve of the Ethiopian Crisis (July-October 1935) by Rosario Quartararo* The Japanese and the Italo-Ethiopian Crisis, 1935-36 by S.O. Agbi* The League's Handling of the Italo-Abyssinian Dispute by Alfred Zimmern* The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis by Gaines Post Jr. * The Test of Aggression in the Italo-Ethiopian War by Quincy Wright* The Hoare-Laval Plan: A Study in International Politics by Henderson B. Braddick* The Royal Navy and the Ethiopian Crisis of 1935-36 by Arthur Marder* The World Crisis of 1936 by Marquess of Lothian* British West Indian Reaction to the Italian-Ethiopian War: An Episode in Pan-Africanism by Robert G. Weisbord* British Policy in East Africa, March 1891-May 1935 by James C. Robertson Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A memorial stands near Prussia Cove in Southwest England, a small reminder of a ship that had served its purpose, defending a worldwide empire for 30 years and during some of its darkest days. It reads "HMS Warspite 1915 - 1945 Ran aground and broken up on these rocks 1947, her final haven. Known to all who served aboard her as The Grand Old Lady. May she with many gallant shipmates rest in peace."During this long episode we will discuss the entire life of the ship, from the design of the Queen Elizabeth class battleships that would be launched in 1915, through the First World War and Jutland, the great unknown of the interwar years, the refits of the 1920s and 1930s, into war once again in 1939, and then finally to Warspite's final campaigns in 1945 as an old, battered, and broken ship. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In October 1935 Italian forces would invade Ethiopia ending months of negotiations and discussions that attempted to find a peaceful end to tensions that had been growing for over a year.Sources:* Great Britain and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935-1936 by Louis John Smith* Black Nationalism and the Italo-Ethiopian Conflict 1934-1936 by William r. Scott* 'No More Hoares to Pairs': British Foreign policymaking and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935 by Andrew Holt* Canada, Sanctions, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935 by Brock Millman* Between Rome and London: Pius XI, the Catholic Church, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935-1936 by Peter C. Kent* The Catholic Missions, British West African Nationalists, and the Italian Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935-36 by S.K.B. Asante* The Effect of Italy's Expansionist Policies on Anglo-Egyptian Relations in 1935 by L. Morsy* The Ethiopian Intelligentsia and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1941 by Bahru Zewde* Imperial Links: The Italian-Ethiopian War and Japanese New Order Thinking, 1935-36 by Reto Hofmann* Imperial Defense in the Mediterranean on the Eve of the Ethiopian Crisis (July-October 1935) by Rosario Quartararo* The Japanese and the Italo-Ethiopian Crisis, 1935-36 by S.O. Agbi* The League's Handling of the Italo-Abyssinian Dispute by Alfred Zimmern* The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis by Gaines Post Jr. * The Test of Aggression in the Italo-Ethiopian War by Quincy Wright* The Hoare-Laval Plan: A Study in International Politics by Henderson B. Braddick* The Royal Navy and the Ethiopian Crisis of 1935-36 by Arthur Marder* The World Crisis of 1936 by Marquess of Lothian* British West Indian Reaction to the Italian-Ethiopian War: An Episode in Pan-Africanism by Robert G. Weisbord* British Policy in East Africa, March 1891-May 1935 by James C. Robertson Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In early 1936 German troops would move into the Rhineland, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Nazi leaders were planning for a war, but to fight a war they needed an army, equipment, and an economy that could support both. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is a bit of a grab bag of topics. The Nazi government would put in place the Nuremberg Laws to further their discrimination against Jews, while also being unable to define who actually should be discriminated against. In early 1935 a small part of Germany would decide whether to join with France. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Nazi leaders had goals, and those goals required changes to be made. The people, the church, and the children would be only some of the areas effected. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After attaining power changes would be made to German society, but before those changes could be made control had to be guaranteed. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Nazi government would come to power at the height of the worst unemployment crisis in Germany since the First World War. It was a problem that had to be addressed, and they would do so in many different ways. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

While not a priority for the new Nazi government, the German economy would have to be considered if it wanted to accomplish its goals.Sources: The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After asserting power in the political realm, it was time for the Nazi party to deal with the demon that it had created, the SA. Sources: The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Throughout the Spring and Summer of 1933 the new Nazi regime would start to make changes, some big, some small, some just a small part of larger plans. WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the aftermath of the Reichstag Fire, the scheduled election would be held in Germany. The results were surprising, but it did not prevent the Nazi leaders from moving forward with the next part of their plan, the Enabling Act. WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Just a month after the Nazi led government was created, an event with lasting ramifications would occur.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

January 1933 would see the end of the Schleicher government that lasted under two months, and on January 30th a new era in Germany would begin.Check out Pax Britannica: https://paxbritannica.info/WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Another round of political chaos results in another national election, with disappointing results for the Nazi party. WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A German Presidential election was scheduled for 1932, and it would perfectly illustrate how divided the German political landscape had become.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The 1930 election would result in a drastic shift in German politics.  WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Weimar Republic would be dealt a poor hand, but they would make it worse. WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The middle years of the 1920s would be a challenging period for the Nazi Party as it tried to find its way.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1923 the National Socialists would try to move things along by launching a putsch in Munich, it would go very poorly.Links to some Mein Kampf translations can be found here: http://historyofthesecondworldwar.com/episodes/the-third-reich-supplements/WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Germany would play a critical role in driving events during the interwar period, and within Germany political volatility would cause drastic changes.Roadmap and full text of 25 points can be found here: http://historyofthesecondworldwar.com/episodes/the-third-reich-supplements/WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. EvansGermany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram WetteHitler: A Biography by Ian KershawThe Third Reich by Thomas ChildersThe Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam ToozeThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William ShirerFrance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. SchukerThe First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956)France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952)The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George SakwaFrench Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter JacksonGreat Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. HillHitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach ShoreHitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael KennedyFantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. SilvermanFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesCauses and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955)The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor HancockThe Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969)Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David JablonskyThe German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964)Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. ReischerSchacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948)The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr.The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. SimpsonThe Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. MoellerFranz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene JonesFranz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene JonesBritish Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We end our series on the Great Depression by taking a deeper dive into how the German government chose to interact with rampant unemployment. WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko ShiroyamaGermany and the Great Depression by Dieter PetzinaThe Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar RothermundJapan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha SinhaThe Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia ClavinThe Forgotten Man by Amity ShalesThe Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth GalbraithThe Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia ClavinThe Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian JacksonThe Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris CookThe World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles KindlebergerUnemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. StachuraThe Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter TeminLife Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. CatalanoThe Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry EichengreenSocialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Great Depression was a worldwide phenomenon, but in this episode we focus on just two states: France and Britain.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko ShiroyamaGermany and the Great Depression by Dieter PetzinaThe Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar RothermundJapan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha SinhaThe Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia ClavinThe Forgotten Man by Amity ShalesThe Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth GalbraithThe Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia ClavinThe Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian JacksonThe Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris CookThe World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles KindlebergerUnemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. StachuraThe Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter TeminLife Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. CatalanoThe Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry EichengreenSocialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the early 1930s the depression would spread around the globe. WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko ShiroyamaGermany and the Great Depression by Dieter PetzinaThe Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar RothermundJapan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha SinhaThe Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia ClavinThe Forgotten Man by Amity ShalesThe Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth GalbraithThe Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia ClavinThe Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian JacksonThe Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris CookThe World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles KindlebergerUnemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. StachuraThe Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter TeminLife Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. CatalanoThe Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry EichengreenSocialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Great Depression would have many causes, this episode discusses two of them.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko ShiroyamaGermany and the Great Depression by Dieter PetzinaThe Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar RothermundJapan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha SinhaThe Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia ClavinThe Forgotten Man by Amity ShalesThe Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth GalbraithThe Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia ClavinThe Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian JacksonThe Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris CookThe World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles KindlebergerUnemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. StachuraThe Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter TeminLife Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. CatalanoThe Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry EichengreenSocialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Italy represented the first nation to come under the control of a Fascist government, and they would do everything in their power to keep it that way.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio GentileFascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert SzymanskiThe Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla StoneThe Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles KeserichItalian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. NoetherThe Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo ColumboMussolini's Italy by R.J.B. BosworthThe Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher DugganThe Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian LytteltonAustro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard BotzThe British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles KeserichCommunist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. CammettFascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. SchnappFascism and the French Revolution by George L. MosseFascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. KaszaFascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl LevyFascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. KallisFascists by Michael MannThe Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. PaxtonThe Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. EdwardsIntroduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. MosseHow Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. RobertsInterpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto VivarelliItalian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul CornerNational Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang SauerThe Nature of Fascism by Roger GriffinThe Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John HornePacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the March on Rome Mussolini would be made Prime Minister.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio GentileFascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert SzymanskiThe Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla StoneThe Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles KeserichItalian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. NoetherThe Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo ColumboMussolini's Italy by R.J.B. BosworthThe Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher DugganThe Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian LytteltonAustro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard BotzThe British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles KeserichCommunist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. CammettFascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. SchnappFascism and the French Revolution by George L. MosseFascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. KaszaFascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl LevyFascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. KallisFascists by Michael MannThe Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. PaxtonThe Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. EdwardsIntroduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. MosseHow Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. RobertsInterpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto VivarelliItalian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul CornerNational Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang SauerThe Nature of Fascism by Roger GriffinThe Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John HornePacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In October 1922 the Fascists would take an important step, and they would stage a March on Rome. The results were as good as they could have possibly imagined.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio GentileFascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert SzymanskiThe Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla StoneThe Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles KeserichItalian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. NoetherThe Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo ColumboMussolini's Italy by R.J.B. BosworthThe Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher DugganThe Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian LytteltonAustro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard BotzThe British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles KeserichCommunist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. CammettFascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. SchnappFascism and the French Revolution by George L. MosseFascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. KaszaFascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl LevyFascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. KallisFascists by Michael MannThe Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. PaxtonThe Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. EdwardsIntroduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. MosseHow Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. RobertsInterpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto VivarelliItalian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul CornerNational Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang SauerThe Nature of Fascism by Roger GriffinThe Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John HornePacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The rise of Fascism throughout Europe, beginning in Italy, would be an important catalyst for future events.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio GentileFascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert SzymanskiThe Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla StoneThe Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles KeserichItalian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. NoetherThe Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo ColumboMussolini's Italy by R.J.B. BosworthThe Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher DugganThe Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian LytteltonAustro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard BotzThe British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles KeserichCommunist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. CammettFascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. SchnappFascism and the French Revolution by George L. MosseFascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. KaszaFascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl LevyFascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. KallisFascists by Michael MannThe Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. PaxtonThe Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. EdwardsIntroduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. MosseHow Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. RobertsInterpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto VivarelliItalian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul CornerNational Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang SauerThe Nature of Fascism by Roger GriffinThe Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John HornePacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1920s and 1930s the League of Nations would have many issues when attempting to execute on one of its most important goals, disarmament. It would not be the only challenge that the League would face in the 1930s.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected]:Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World by Akira IriyeA History of the League of Nations by F.P WaltersThe Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire by Susan PedersenIn Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China's Diplomacy and the League of Nations by Alison Adcock KaufmanCollective Security as Political Myth: Liberal Internationalism and the League of Nations in Politics and History by George W. EgertonTransnationalism and the League of Nations: Understanding the Work of Its Economic and Financial Organization by Patrician Clavin and Jens-Wilhelm WesselsGetting Out of Iraq-in 1932: The League of Nations and the Road to Normative Statehood by Susan PedersenA "Great Experiment" of the League of Nations Era: International Nongovernmental Organizations, Global Governance, and Democracy Beyond the State by Thomas Richard DaviesThe League of Nations Health Organisation and the Evolution of Transnational Public Health by Patricia Anne SealeyThe League of Nations, International Terrorism, and British Foreign Policy, 1934-1938 by Michael D. CallahanJapan and the League of Nations: An Asian Power Encounters the "European Club" by Thomas W. BurkmanExporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China by Margherita ZanasiThe League of Nations and the Great Powers, 1936-1940 by Peter J. BeckThe League of Nations and the Minorities Question by Carole FinkImperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations' Drive to Control Global Arms Trade by David R. StoneThe League of Nations, Public Ritual and National Identity in Britain, c. 1919-56 by Helen McCarthyThe Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia by Alexander S. KhodnevMapping the UN - League of Nations Analogy: Are There Still Lessons to be Learned from the League by Alexandru GrigorescuMinorities and the League of Nations in Interwar Europe by Mark MazowerThe League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes by Lorna LloydThe Transnational Dream: Politicians, Diplomats and Soldiers in the League of Nations' Pursuit of International Disarmament, 1920-1939 by Andrew WebsterTurkey's Entrance into the League of Nations by Yucel Guclu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Among its many goals the League of Nations hoped to oversee a new way for European colonialism to manifest around the world.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected]:Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World by Akira IriyeA History of the League of Nations by F.P WaltersThe Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire by Susan PedersenIn Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China's Diplomacy and the League of Nations by Alison Adcock KaufmanCollective Security as Political Myth: Liberal Internationalism and the League of Nations in Politics and History by George W. EgertonTransnationalism and the League of Nations: Understanding the Work of Its Economic and Financial Organization by Patrician Clavin and Jens-Wilhelm WesselsGetting Out of Iraq-in 1932: The League of Nations and the Road to Normative Statehood by Susan PedersenA "Great Experiment" of the League of Nations Era: International Nongovernmental Organizations, Global Governance, and Democracy Beyond the State by Thomas Richard DaviesThe League of Nations Health Organisation and the Evolution of Transnational Public Health by Patricia Anne SealeyThe League of Nations, International Terrorism, and British Foreign Policy, 1934-1938 by Michael D. CallahanJapan and the League of Nations: An Asian Power Encounters the "European Club" by Thomas W. BurkmanExporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China by Margherita ZanasiThe League of Nations and the Great Powers, 1936-1940 by Peter J. BeckThe League of Nations and the Minorities Question by Carole FinkImperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations' Drive to Control Global Arms Trade by David R. StoneThe League of Nations, Public Ritual and National Identity in Britain, c. 1919-56 by Helen McCarthyThe Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia by Alexander S. KhodnevMapping the UN - League of Nations Analogy: Are There Still Lessons to be Learned from the League by Alexandru GrigorescuMinorities and the League of Nations in Interwar Europe by Mark MazowerThe League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes by Lorna LloydThe Transnational Dream: Politicians, Diplomats and Soldiers in the League of Nations' Pursuit of International Disarmament, 1920-1939 by Andrew WebsterTurkey's Entrance into the League of Nations by Yucel Guclu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Paris Peace Conference would result in the creation of the League of  Nations, designed to foster communication and cooperation between all nations.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected]:Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World by Akira IriyeA History of the League of Nations by F.P WaltersThe Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire by Susan PedersenIn Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China's Diplomacy and the League of Nations by Alison Adcock KaufmanCollective Security as Political Myth: Liberal Internationalism and the League of Nations in Politics and History by George W. EgertonTransnationalism and the League of Nations: Understanding the Work of Its Economic and Financial Organization by Patrician Clavin and Jens-Wilhelm WesselsGetting Out of Iraq-in 1932: The League of Nations and the Road to Normative Statehood by Susan PedersenA "Great Experiment" of the League of Nations Era: International Nongovernmental Organizations, Global Governance, and Democracy Beyond the State by Thomas Richard DaviesThe League of Nations Health Organisation and the Evolution of Transnational Public Health by Patricia Anne SealeyThe League of Nations, International Terrorism, and British Foreign Policy, 1934-1938 by Michael D. CallahanJapan and the League of Nations: An Asian Power Encounters the "European Club" by Thomas W. BurkmanExporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China by Margherita ZanasiThe League of Nations and the Great Powers, 1936-1940 by Peter J. BeckThe League of Nations and the Minorities Question by Carole FinkImperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations' Drive to Control Global Arms Trade by David R. StoneThe League of Nations, Public Ritual and National Identity in Britain, c. 1919-56 by Helen McCarthyThe Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia by Alexander S. KhodnevMapping the UN - League of Nations Analogy: Are There Still Lessons to be Learned from the League by Alexandru GrigorescuMinorities and the League of Nations in Interwar Europe by Mark MazowerThe League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes by Lorna LloydThe Transnational Dream: Politicians, Diplomats and Soldiers in the League of Nations' Pursuit of International Disarmament, 1920-1939 by Andrew WebsterTurkey's Entrance into the League of Nations by Yucel Guclu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the First World War was over, the leaders of the victorious nations convened a Conference in Paris to determine what terms would be presented to their defeated enemies.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The First World War would cast a shadow over the next two decades, altering the course of nations. In this episode we discuss, in the briefest way I know how, the History of the Great War.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Season 1 of the podcast will be all about the much neglected interwar years. During this period there were many changes that are critical to understanding the start and course of the Second World War.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

History of the Second World War is a (mostly) weekly podcast that will cover the events of the Second World War in (rough) chronological order.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices