In light of the projected increase in the frequency and intensity of disasters associated with climate change, the number of people displaced in the context of disasters will inevitably rise. Existing national, regional and international legal regimes, however, currently respond to only some of the protection concerns arising from such displacement. Crafting an appropriate response will demand a cross-sectoral approach that addresses different forms of human mobility and which also recognises the local knowledge, values and beliefs of affected communities. FMR 49 includes 36 articles on 'Disasters and displacement in a changing climate', five articles on 'Female genital mutilation (FGM) and asylum in Europe', and five 'general' articles. - See more at: http://www.fmreview.org/climatechange-disasters
FMR 49 - From the Editors
An introductory note on FMR 49, 'Disasters and displacement in a changing climate', from the Editors.
6/18/2015 • 3 minutes, 58 seconds
FMR 49 - Foreward
In order to make progress on disasters, climate change and human mobility, it is essential to bring together different strands of the discussion to develop a comprehensive response that also anticipates future challenges associated with climate change. While the international community has already been addressing many aspects of disasters, climate change and human mobility, in order to really make progress it is essential to bring together different strands of the discussion so as to develop a comprehensive response that also anticipates future challenges associated with climate change. The Governments of Norway and Switzerland are contributing to the development of future responses to disaster displacement through the Nansen Initiative. - See more at: http://www.fmreview.org/climatechange-disasters/contents#sthash.ApuUh5PC.dpuf
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 42 seconds
FMR 49 - The Nansen Initiative: building consensus on displacement in disaster contexts
The Nansen Initiative consultative process has identified a toolbox of potential policy options to prevent, prepare for and respond to the challenges of cross-border displacement in disaster contexts, including the effects of climate change.
6/18/2015 • 9 minutes, 53 seconds
FMR 49 - National Adaptation Plans and human mobility
In order to avoid displacement when possible, displacement and human mobility issues need to be better integrated within national and regional adaptation planning processes.
6/18/2015 • 9 minutes, 16 seconds
FMR 49 - The state of the evidence
Researchers have much to do, not only to understand climate- and disaster-induced migration but also to transmit their understanding for the use of policymakers and practitioners.
6/18/2015 • 7 minutes, 56 seconds
FMR 49 - The necessity for an ethnographic approach in Peru
A movement of people is rarely explained by environmental or climatic factors alone. Therefore an analysis which does not take into consideration the cultural consequences of climate change for affected societies is incomplete.
6/18/2015 • 3 minutes, 30 seconds
FMR 49 - An integrated focus
The key to successfully addressing the challenges of environmental, climatic and natural disasters is integrating migration concerns – including displacement – into all climate change, disaster risk reduction and development policies and frameworks.
6/18/2015 • 10 minutes, 14 seconds
FMR 49 - West Africa: a testing ground for regional solutions
West Africa has a very mobile population and high vulnerability to natural hazards. It also, however, has a number of regional cooperation agreements and may therefore be a useful testing ground for addressing cross-border disaster displacement.
6/18/2015 • 11 minutes, 2 seconds
FMR 49 - Development and displacement risks
The impact of climate change induces systemic patterns of socio-economic erosion that also affect the dynamics of disaster displacement and that require parallel responses.
6/18/2015 • 9 minutes, 2 seconds
FMR 49 - Developing temporary protection in Africa
Formalised temporary protection arrangements in Africa could significantly improve access to territory and human rights for people displaced across borders by disasters. Such arrangements must adhere to states’ existing protection obligations.
6/18/2015 • 11 minutes, 7 seconds
FMR 49 - Climate effects on nomadic pastoralist societies
Oman and Mongolia reflect the modern climatic and social challenges to mobile pastoral livelihoods.
6/18/2015 • 5 minutes, 28 seconds
FMR 49 - Guidance for ‘managed’ relocation
The international community has been slow to develop climate change-specific instruments to guide the relocation process beyond those that relate to displacement generally.
6/18/2015 • 10 minutes, 24 seconds
FMR 49 - Preparing for planned relocation
Preparing for planned relocation
6/18/2015 • 2 minutes, 9 seconds
FMR 49 - Lessons from planned relocation and resettlement in the past
Placing contemporary deliberations about relocation within a longer historical and intellectual framework reveals unexpected connections and salutary lessons.
6/18/2015 • 9 minutes, 34 seconds
FMR 49 - Post-disaster resettlement in urban Bolivia
Post-disaster resettlement programmes can be unsuitable and ineffective, often exacerbating the vulnerability of people to the effects of climate change.
6/18/2015 • 5 minutes, 40 seconds
FMR 49 - Focusing on climate-related internal displacement
Global attention should place a primary focus on the application of best practice and the development of innovative initiatives to solve climate-related internal displacement, rather than on grappling with the far rarer movements of people across borders.
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 39 seconds
FMR 49 - Brazil’s draft law for environmental migrants
Brazil is developing a long-term solution for filling a legislative gap affecting environmental migrants.
6/18/2015 • 5 minutes, 8 seconds
FMR 49 - Disasters, displacement and a new framework in the Americas
There is a startling range of positive examples of national law, policy and practice all across the Americas that states have used to respond to the migratory consequences of disasters.
6/18/2015 • 9 minutes, 40 seconds
FMR 49 - Temporary protection arrangements to fill a gap in the protection regime
Predictable measures are needed to provide protection for people displaced across borders by disasters, where there is currently a gap.
6/18/2015 • 8 minutes, 24 seconds
FMR 49 - Refugees, climate change and international law
How can the category of ‘climate refugee’ be considered within international law in the 21st century?
6/18/2015 • 6 minutes, 30 seconds
FMR 49 - Displacement as a consequence of climate change mitigation policies
Climate change mitigation policies and ‘green solutions’, such as biofuels, are also creating displacement.
6/18/2015 • 9 minutes, 34 seconds
FMR 49 - Statelessness and environmental displacement
Stateless people and migrants are at greater risk of displacement and are less likely to receive assistance; in turn, environmental displacement (especially multiple migrations) heightens the risk of becoming stateless.
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 48 seconds
FMR 49 - A role for strategic litigation
Strategic litigation to protect individuals at risk can usefully support higher-level protection initiatives.
6/18/2015 • 7 minutes, 32 seconds
FMR 49 - Floods and migration in the Czech Republic
Residents’ strategies are generally aimed at either protection from or adaptation to flooding. Large-scale migration from the floodplains of rivers has not been seriously considered, even in high-risk zones.
6/18/2015 • 5 minutes, 20 seconds
FMR 49 - 'One Safe Future’ in the Philippines
The Philippine government’s ‘One Safe Future’ programme relocated disaster-affected poor families in areas where structures enabling opportunities are lacking.
6/18/2015 • 7 minutes, 32 seconds
FMR 49 - Post-disaster resettlement in the Philippines: a risky strategy
Experience in the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan suggests that resettlement as a strategy for mitigating disaster-induced displacement can create significant protection risks.
6/18/2015 • 7 minutes, 8 seconds
FMR 49 - Cross-border migration with dignity in Kiribati
The ‘migration with dignity’ policy is part of Kiribati’s long-term nation-wide relocation strategy.
6/18/2015 • 2 minutes, 51 seconds
FMR 49 - Land, disasters and mobility in the South Pacific
The adaptive characteristics of customary land systems deserve greater recognition in disaster or climate change policy frameworks.
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 39 seconds
FMR 49 - Not drowning but fighting: Pacific Islands activists
Focusing on climate-induced migration, rather than mitigation, can be at odds with grassroots demands and can make the future uninhabitability of some Pacific Islands appear as a foregone conclusion.
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 29 seconds
FMR 49 - Samoa: local knowledge, climate change and population movements
The voices of scientists, academics, politicians and development practitioners dominate the climate change debate, yet local knowledge, values and beliefs are essential elements of navigating the way forward for affected communities.
6/18/2015 • 9 minutes, 22 seconds
FMR 49 - Facilitating voluntary adaptive migration in the Pacific
Voluntary adaptive migration across int'l borders will be a critical component of an overall adaptation strategy for at-risk individuals and households in the Pacific in order to increase their resilience to natural hazards and prevent future displicement
6/18/2015 • 6 minutes, 44 seconds
FMR 49 - Integrating resilience in South Asia
Communities can strengthen their resilience by integrating disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and poverty reduction measures.
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 51 seconds
FMR 49 - “Everyone likes it here”
Sea-level rise threatens communities of the Lakshadweep islands. But what happens when belongingness, religious beliefs and the identity of being an islander make them stay?
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 34 seconds
FMR 49 - Building adaptive capacity in Assam
A starting point for adapting to longer-term climate change could be adaptation to short-term climate variability and extreme events. Making more informed choices about the use of remittances can enhance the adaptive capacity of receiving households.
6/18/2015 • 6 minutes, 58 seconds
FMR 49 - Mixed motivations and complex causality in the Mekong
Many climate change-affected communities have already been using migration as a means to adapt to and withstand the challenges to their livelihoods and security. Strengthening of existing protections for all migrants is clearly advantageous.
6/18/2015 • 6 minutes, 10 seconds
FMR 49 - One good reason to speak of ‘climate refugees’
The concept of ‘environmental refugees’, or ‘climate refugees’, has been progressively abandoned, as having no legal basis. I want to argue that there are good reasons to use the term.
6/18/2015 • 8 minutes, 46 seconds
FMR 49 - Governance questions for the international community
The Nansen Initiative has highlighted significant questions about how the international community should collectively think about displacement and mobility issues relating to natural disasters and climate change, and how to improve the governance thereof.
6/18/2015 • 15 minutes, 50 seconds
FMR 49 - Building respectful solutions
Tribes in coastal Alaska and Louisiana in the United States are among the communities at immediate risk of displacement due to climate change impacts.
6/18/2015 • 4 minutes, 57 seconds
FMR 49 General - The Cartagena process: 30 years of innovation and solidarity
The 30th anniversary of the 1984 Cartagena Declaration offers the opportunity to consider the achievements of the Cartagena process and the specific characteristics that make it so remarkable.
6/18/2015 • 10 minutes, 56 seconds
FMR 49 General - Trafficking for human organs
Trafficking of people for their organs is an emerging transnational crime that has failed to receive sufficient international attention.
6/18/2015 • 7 minutes, 33 seconds
FMR 49 General - Sweet tea and cigarettes: a taste of refugee life in Jordan
Among refugees in Jordan, utter boredom – the result of restrictions on mobility, prohibitions on employment, and feelings of marginalisation – is an unmistakable source of anguish.
6/18/2015 • 6 minutes, 50 seconds
FMR 49 General - Refugee-state distrust on the Thai-Burma border
Distrust between refugees and their state of origin must be given due consideration in institutional approaches to repatriation of refugees, on the Thai-Burma border and in other refugee contexts worldwide.
6/18/2015 • 10 minutes, 44 seconds
FMR 49 General - Animals and forced migration
Harm to animals resulting from forced migration of people is intricately interwoven with and contingent upon the simultaneous suffering of humans.
6/18/2015 • 7 minutes, 2 seconds
FMR 49, FGM - Editors’ Introduction
An introductory note from the Editors of a special mini-feature on 'FGM and Asylum in Europe' in FMR 49.
6/4/2015 • 2 minutes, 59 seconds
FMR 49, FGM - Female genital mutilation: a case for asylum in Europe
With some 71% of female EU asylum applicants from FGM-practising countries estimated to be survivors of this harmful traditional practice, it is time to accept that this subject demands greater scrutiny and a more dedicated response.
6/4/2015 • 8 minutes, 17 seconds
FMR 49, FGM - FGM: challenges for asylum applicants and officials
Asylum authorities in the European Union need to establish better procedures to help address the specific vulnerabilities and protection needs of women and girls who have undergone or are at risk of female genital mutilation.
6/4/2015 • 10 minutes, 59 seconds
FMR 49, FGM - The medicalisation of female genital mutilation
The ‘medicalisation’ of female genital mutilation should be denounced on two counts.Firstly, it is usually anatomically more damaging and, secondly, it goes against the ethical basis of the medical profession.
6/4/2015 • 5 minutes, 47 seconds
FMR 49, FGM - The Istanbul Convention: new treaty, new tool
The new Istanbul Convention provides a powerful tool for more effectively guaranteeing the protection of asylum seekers at risk of gender-based persecution and at risk of FGM in particular.
6/4/2015 • 8 minutes, 44 seconds
FMR 49, FGM - Changing attitudes in Finland towards FGM
Former refugee women are now working as professional educators among immigrant and refugee communities in Finland to tackle ignorance of the impact and extent of female genital mutilation/cutting.
