Digital technologies have saturated our lives and there is no going back. Given this, it's worth pondering whether and how they are fundamentally reshaping our mind and our relationships. A seminal work that explores these issues is the 2010 book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, by journalist Nicholas Carr. In it, he argues that the internet is “shallowing” our brains, meaning that as we offload cognitive tasks to digital tools, our ability to read linearly, to absorb and immerse ourselves in complex information, is reduced. But more than that, the internet curtails our emotional depth and compassion, diminishing our humanity and rendering us more computer-like, as we process information in short bursts, skim for quick answers, and operate with frenetic attention spans. In Carr’s 2014 book The Glass Cage, he discusses how the increasing automation of tasks leads to a decrease in human agency, creativity, and problem solving capability.In this episode, Carr joins us to discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain, the mechanisms by which digital technologies reduce our ability to think deeply, how the failures of electronic medical records illustrate the limitations of technology, what social media does to our relationships, the value of focused, reflective thought in a fast paced world, what we can all do to remain independent of technology, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:42 - Carr’s path to researching and writing about the human consequences of technology5:38 - The central thesis of Carr’s 2010 book The Shallows 15:27 - Whether the cognitive impacts of digital technologies are reversible or permanent21:18 - Whether society is better or worse off due to social media and the internet25:38 - How modern technology has changed the medical profession 38:22 - Carr’s thesis for his upcoming book Superbloom45:21 - How society can address the loss of focus and empathy that has occurred as a result of social media Nicholas Carr can be found on Twitter/X at @roughtype.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Medicine is filled with stories that illustrate the most beautiful, devastating, hopeful, and consequential moments of life. But how do we capture these moments and transform them into everlasting lessons that guide us on our search for meaning? That's where the art of storytelling comes in. Our guest on this episode is Anna Reisman, MD, director of the Program for Humanities in Medicine at the Yale School of Medicine. Dr. Reisman is not only a physician-writer whose essays have appeared in The Atlantic, The New York Times, and other major outlets. She has also dedicated her career to helping clinicians better reflect and write about their experiences. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss how Dr. Reisman went from being an English major in college to working as a physician, her own experiences with burnout and what helped her overcome it, her approach to creative nonfiction writing, concrete ways that writing sharpens the mind of the physician, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:00 - Dr. Reisman’s path from English major to physician 3:45 - The scope of Dr. Reisman’s current work 8:22 - How Dr. Reisman became involved in medical humanities and how she created a writer workshop at Yale Medicine14:19 - How writing and the medical profession goes hand in hand 22:49 - The VA Writes reflective writing group 27:56 - Teaching observational skills to medical students in today’s technology-forward landscape30:25 - How to approach the writing process if you are new to writing 45:57 - What Dr. Reisman wishes she would have known at the beginning of her career Dr. Anna Reisman can be found on Twitter/X at @annareisman. A list of Dr. Reisman’s essays can be found on MuckRack. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the phrase “Healthcare Heroes” echoed through hospital walls and city streets. For many people, this felt like an overdue acknowledgment of the difficult and important work that healthcare professionals carried out during the most devastating healthcare crisis the world had seen in a century. But this phrase can also be problematic, romanticizing the sacrifices of individual clinicians without addressing the systemic failures that put them at risk, overlooking the mental health struggles they experienced, and undermining healthcare environments that encourage reflection about respect and duty. Our guest on this episode is Dhaval Desai, MD, a hospitalist at Emory Healthcare in Georgia and the author of the book Burning Out on the Covid Front Lines: A Doctor's Memoir of Fatherhood, Race, and Perseverance in the Pandemic (2023), in which he details his personal narrative as a healthcare leader and frontline physician fighting to hold his hospital together. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Desai shares why he decided to train in both internal medicine and pediatrics, how his experiences caring for his ailing father revealed the flaws of our healthcare systems, the nerve-wracking first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic, his own struggles as a leader, healer, father, and husband during a time of deep uncertainty, how we can all better connect with patients through even a few moments of shared humanity amid our busy days, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:36 - Dr. Desai’s path to medicine5:05 - How a Med-Peds residency differs from other medical residency tracks 8:06 - How Dr. Desai’s personal experiences have shaped his approach to patient advocacy 11:53 - Dr. Desai’s personal and professional life leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic18:46 - Dr. Desai’s opinion on why it is important for leaders to be able to express emotion 24:53 - How Dr. Desai used his leadership role to help his staff navigate the emotional turmoil of the pandemic experience 28:32 - Moments when Dr. Desai suffered heavily from burnout34:47 - Stories of the isolating effects of COVID-19 in the ER 39:53 - Our society’s support of healthcare workers46:19 - Advice for young clinicians on ensuring humanity stays central to their work Dr. Dhaval Desai can be found on Instagram at @doctordesaimd and on X/Twitter @DrDesaiMDx.In this episode, we discussed the New York Times article “I Couldn’t Do Anything: The Virus and an E.R. Doctor’s Suicide” Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Precision medicine — the approach to health care that involves tailoring medical interventions to an individual's genetic makeup, environment and lifestyle — promises to deliver the right treatment to the right person at the right time. From preventing diseases decades before they appear, to specially designed cocktails of cancer drugs, to genetic modification of rare diseases, many of these applications sound straight out of science fiction. At the forefront of precision medicine and medical genomics is Euan Ashley, MBChB, DPhill, Chair of Medicine at Stanford University Medical Center. A cardiologist and intensive care physician by training, Dr. Ashley has pioneered the use of genetic sequencing to identify risk factors for heart disease and new treatments for rare diseases. He is also the author of The Genome Odyssey: Medical Mysteries and the Incredible Quest to Solve Them (2021).Over the course of our conversation, we discuss his path from growing up in a small Scottish town to now working at the cutting edge of medicine, the excitement and fulfillment he experiences as a clinician in the cardiac intensive care unit, remarkable patient stories of healing and resilience, the future of precision medicine, why he is optimistic about the development of artificial intelligence, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:24 - Dr. Ashley’s path to medicine and to cardiology 7:19 - What life is like working in the CCU21:34 - How the Undiagnosed Diseases Network was founded and what it does33:22 - An overview of precision medicine38:09 - The impact that genetic testing and genomic medicine is having on modern medicine and where it could go from here 45:00 - Dr. Ashley’s thoughts on how AI will change the field of medicine 51:40 - Making access to medical advancements in AI and genomics more equitable 1:04:39 - Dr. Ashley’s advice for healthcare professionals in training Dr. Euan Ashley can be found on Twitter/X at @euanashley. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Joseph Sakran, MD, MPH was a teenager in a small town in Virginia when, in 1994, his life took a dramatic turn. At the age of 17, he was out with his friends after a high school football game when a nearby gunfight broke out and he was struck by a stray bullet in the throat. The bullet, tearing through his windpipe and a carotid artery, brought him to the razor edge of death before he was saved by trauma surgeons. Thirty years later, Dr. Sakran is now a trauma surgeon who serves as Director of Emergency General Surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore and a vocal advocate of reducing firearm injury through public health initiatives at the state and national levels. Following the 2018 comment by the National Rifle Association that doctors should “stay in their lane” with regard to gun violence prevention, Dr. Sakran started the #ThisIsOurLane movement, mobilizing thousands of health care professionals to advocate for gun violence as a public health crisis. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Sakran shares his harrowing experience of being shot and what it was like to be confronted with imminent death, how his perspectives on and priorities in life changed after the incident, what goes on in his mind when he operates on victims of gun violence, how he connects with his patients over shared experiences of trauma, how all clinicians can be more empathetic with their patients, and why advocacy is integral to the work of a physician. In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:46 - How a personal tragedy set Dr. Sakran on the path to becoming a trauma surgeon 9:51 - How Dr. Sakran’s perspective on life was altered by his personal experience with gun violence13:11 - How Dr. Sakran’s experiences informs his approach to speaking with patients and their loved ones during traumatic situations 19:09 - The importance of showing empathy to build rapport with patients and families23:51 - What it is like to tend to victims of violence 29:26 - Addressing the public health crisis of gun violence in America 37:41 - How clinicians can become more involved in advocacy45:32 - Dr. Sakran’s advice to future clinicians Dr. Joseph Sakran can be found on Twitter/X at @josephsakran.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

To the best of our knowledge, humans appear to be unique among animals in our awareness of mortality — at least in our capacity for existential reflection about death in an abstract, cultural, and symbolic sense. With this capacity comes profound psychological experiences, from our search for meaning, to our struggle with grief, to a yearning for the spiritual. Our guest on this episode is Dr. Rachel Clarke, a palliative care physician based in the United Kingdom who entered medicine after an initial career in journalism. As she would discover, her love for language and storytelling has turned out to be one of the most important ways she helps patients heal in some of the most devastating moments of their lives. As a writer. Dr. Clarke is the author of multiple best selling books, including Dear Life: A Doctor's Story of Love and Loss (2020), Your Life in My Hands: A Junior Doctor's Story (2017), and Breathtaking (2021), which was adapted into a TV series of the same name. Her writing, imbued with both grace and grit, invites readers to confront difficult truths about mortality, suffering, and the inequities of the healthcare system, while also offering a vision of medicine that is as deeply human as it is healing. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss her journey to medicine by way of journalism, her reflections on the moral imperatives that drive her work, the power of storytelling in comforting patients, why suffering is inextricably connected to love, and more. In this episode, you’ll hear about:3:12 - Why Dr. Clarke switched careers from journalism to palliative care9:46 - The challenge modern doctors and patients face when it comes to thinking about mortality 15:09 - Supporting a patient’s psychological suffering through conversation 20:31 - Grappling with what Dr. Clarke calls the “essential paradox of being a human being” — our awareness of mortality33:41 - The experience of watching a person die and the reverence we hold for the bodies of the dead 43:05 - The doctor’s dual responsibilities of navigating both science and human emotionsDr. Rachel Clarke is the author of four books, including most recently, The Story of a Heart (2024). Dr. Clarke can be found on Twitter/X at @doctor_oxford.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Modern medicine has long considered many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease to be immutably linked to the fate of certain unlucky individuals through yet-poorly understood genetic mechanisms. But increasingly, we are seeing evidence that some of our lifestyle choices, including our diet, physical activity, and relationships, may play a significant role in the development of, or protection against, these diseases. Our guest on this episode, David Perlmutter, MD, is a neurologist and writer whose immensely popular books, including Grain Brain: The Surprising Truth About Wheat, Carbs, and Sugar — Your Brain’s Silent Killers (2013), discuss why diets low in refined carbohydrates and high in fats, in addition to foods that nurture a healthy gut microbiome, may prevent cognitive decline. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss Dr. Perlmutter's path from conventional neurology to moving towards a more functional and holistic approach to treating brain disorders, the importance of metabolic health in maintaining our cognitive capacities, how Dr. Perlmutter responds to critics of his non-conventional medical advice, why nutrition science is riddled with messy and conflicting findings and how we can better navigate through it all, what clinicians can do to better help their patients live well, and more. Note: Some of Dr. Perlmutter’s ideas and recommendations have been the subject of debate and controversy within the medical community. While we believe in fostering open dialog and exploring diverse perspectives, the views expressed in this episode are those of Dr. Perlmutter and do not necessarily reflect the views or endorsements of this podcast. We encourage listeners to critically evaluate the information presented and work with qualified healthcare professionals when making any changes to their health and wellness routines.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 3:11 - Dr. Perlmutter’s transition from conventional neurology to what he calls “preventative” neurology8:43 - Dr. Perlmutter’s views on what constitutes a “disease” and the role of the doctor. 19:08 - Emerging science on the importance of metabolic health on brain health 25:17 - How scientific studies on preventative health can be (and have been) designed 34:56 - Why Dr. Perlmutter prioritizes health markers (such as HbA1c) over specific dietary recommendations when working with patients42:21 - Dr. Perlmutter’s views on GLP-1 antagonists such as Ozempic and Mounjaro50:36 - How Dr. Perlmutter has dealt with critics of his workDr. David Perlmutter is the author of eight books. Dr. Perlmutter can be found on Twitter/X at @davidperlmutter. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

What makes a life worth living? This question has animated great thinkers and faith traditions for millennia. Interestingly enough, in our time of rapid globalization, technological advancement, and material abundance, we often seem more unmoored from our conception of the self and its relation to the world than ever before.Our guest on this episode, Miroslav Volf, has spent his life wrestling with this question of questions and helping others to do the same. Volf is a professor of theology at Yale Divinity School and founding director of the Yale Center for Faith and Culture, and his work explores the intersections of faith, identity, and public life. He is the author of more than 10 books, including the bestselling Life Worth Living: A Guide to What Matters Most (2023), based on one of the most popular courses at Yale University, which he co-teaches. The book, an inquiry into the nature of human flourishing, invites readers to consider wisdom drawn from various religious, philosophical, and literary traditions. He challenges the often superficial metrics of happiness promoted by modern society, urging readers to reflect deeply on the kind of life they want to lead — one that is not just pleasurable or successful by conventional standards, but that is positively shaped by adversity, contemplation, and interconnectedness.In our conversation, we discuss how growing up as the son of a Pentecostal minister in Former Yugoslavia influenced Volf's relationship with Christian theology, why faith is a “comfortably difficult” thing, why “finding your authentic self” is a problematic concept in modern culture, how social media, divisive political currents, and the relentless drive for productivity distract us from what matters most, and the nobility in pursuing a richer, more intentioned, and just life.In this episode, you’ll hear about:3:12 - What Volf’s work as a systematic theologian entails, and key childhood experiences that shaped his relationship with faith12:18 - The philosophical basis for the Yale class that inspired the book Life Worth Living 20:23 - Why Volf uses Smokey Bear as a representation of the pursuit of a meaningful life26:53 - Shifting the focus of life from personal desires toward the quest to live by “truth”40:38 - The inherent challenge in shifting focus away from “I, Me, and Mine”45:49 - How the search for a meaningful life relates to the experiences of a medical professional51:42 - Advice for how to add philosophical practices to a busy modern lifeMiroslav Volf is the author of 17 books, including Life Worth Living (2023)Past episodes discussed in this episode:Episode 95: Shaping a Soul, Building a Self | William DeresiewiczEpisode 21: Pain, Pleasure, and Finding Balance | Anna Lembke, MDVisit www.TheDoctorsArt.com for transcripts of all episodes. If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Most people shudder at the idea of an infectious disease outbreak — patients stricken with a mysterious illness, hospitals overflowing, and cities going into lockdown. But for Syra Madad, DHSc, MSc , MCP, rushing into such a scenario, donned in a hazmat suit, to control the chaos has been a dream since childhood. Today, she is an epidemiologist, biosecurity advisor, and a pathogen preparedness expert who serves as Senior Director of the System-Wide Special Pathogens Program at New York City Health and Hospitals, which operates the municipal health care system of New York City. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Madad shares what excites her about the work of infectious disease control, why she believes we have emerged from the Covid-19 pandemic worse prepared for the next pandemic, how scientists and doctors can better communicate with the public in the absence of clear data, the importance of utilizing trusted messengers in the community to fully deploy the power of public health, and more. In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:09 - How a movie led Dr. Madad to become an infectious disease preparedness expert6:54 - An overview of Biosafety levels (BSL)  9:30 - Moments in Dr. Madad’s career when disease containment went well and moments when it did not. 12:27 - How Dr. Madad mentally and emotionally manages the heavy weight of often-lethal infectious diseases18:05 - Dr. Madad’s opinion on how COVID-19 policies were handled 24:02 - Dr. Madad’s personal thoughts on the potential origins of COVID-19 26:55 - What concerns Dr. Madad most about future pandemics and how we can make positive steps toward recovering trust in science35:40 - Dr. Madad’s advice for those considering a career in public health or infectious diseases Dr. Syra Madad appears in the Netflix special Pandemic: How to Prevent an Outbreak.Dr. Syra Madad can be found on Twitter/X at @syramadad.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

For many physicians, having serious illness conversations with patients — talking about a dire prognosis or the futility of curative treatments — is one of the most daunting aspects of patient care. But to palliative care physician Shunichi Nakagawa, MD, these conversations are fundamentally about communicating the honest truth in an elegant, considerate, and humane way. Dr. Nakagawa, the director of the Inpatient Palliative Care Service at Columbia University Medical Center, joins us in this episode to discuss both his unique personal journey, as well as his insightful approach to figuring out what really matters to patients during critical moments in their lives. He shares what it was like completing his surgical training in Japan, than coming to the United States with the hope of becoming a liver transplant surgeon, before having those hopes dashed when he found out he was ineligible to work as a surgeon in the US due to his hepatitis carrier status, and finally discovering his true calling in geriatrics and palliative care. We also discuss cultural challenges in thinking about the end of life, why it is so difficult for physicians to communicate with their patients about serious illness, how clinicians ought to approach shared decision making, and why, when done well, this can be one of the most meaningful and rewarding parts of doctoring.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:34 - How Dr. Nakagawa entered a career in medicine in Japan5:33 - Dr. Nakagawa’s unique journey through medical training, from surgery to palliative care  16:25 - The three-stage process that Dr. Nakagawa follows when communicating challenging medical information to patients28:10 - Delivering medical advice in a succinct way when speaking to patients and their family members 36:14 - Lessons on what works and what doesn’t work in sensitive patient communication Dr. Shunichi Nakagawa can be found on Twitter/X at @snakagawa_md. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

When Impossible Foods released its first product, the Impossible Burger, in 2016, it was met with equal parts curiosity, skepticism, and excitement. This plant-based “meat that bleeds” was seen as a novelty item. Today, Impossible Foods’ expanded line of offerings, from sausages to chicken nuggets to Italian meatballs, can be found in most American grocery stores at a price that rivals traditional meats. The founder of Impossible Foods is Pat Brown, MD, PhD, a physician and molecular biologist who, after seeing the detrimental impact of animal farming on deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, made it his ambitious mission to create a sustainable food system by reducing our reliance on animal agriculture. He set out to develop plant-based alternatives to meat that not only matched, but surpassed the taste and nutritional value of traditional meats, harnessing biochemistry to recreate the sensory experience and culinary qualities of meat at a molecular level. In this episode, Dr. Brown joins us to share his early career path from clinical pediatrics to biochemistry research, along the way inventing the DNA microarray, now an essential laboratory tool used to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes. He then discusses the origins of Impossible Foods, the scientific breakthroughs that have propelled its success, and how he hopes to inspire a cultural shift towards more sustainable eating habits and ensure a healthier planet for future generations.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:41 - How Dr. Brown was initially drawn to a career in medicine 7:54 - Why Dr. Brown chose to transition from clinical work to biomedical research 14:05 - How Dr. Brown’s drive to tackle the biggest problems of humanity led to the creation of Impossible Foods24:19 - The scientific approach that Impossible Foods takes in creating its products30:17 - Whether plant-based meats are too highly processed38:40 - Dr. Brown’s vision for the future of food Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Many people regard dementia as a fate worse than death, in large part because it strikes at the essence of our humanity — our memories, identity, and relationships with others. Unlike diseases that primarily afflict the body, dementia erodes the mind, leading to a gradual fragmentation and loss of self and autonomy. The burden of this disease on caregivers also cannot be understated. Not only does dementia require comprehensive, long term care that addresses the afflicted individual’s cognitive, behavioral, and physical issues; witnessing a loved one's slow and irreversible decline often exerts an immense emotional toll on the caregiver. Additionally, the pervasive stigma and isolation associated with dementia can leave caregivers feeling unsupported and alone. Our guest on this episode is Dasha Kiper, a clinical psychologist who works with caregivers to people with dementia. She's the author of Travelers to Unimaginable Lands: Stories of Dementia, The Caregiver, and the Human Brain (2023). The book explores the complex relationship between caregivers and dementia patients, which are frequently rife with heartbreak, guilt, frustration, helplessness and shame. Over the course of our conversation, Dasha shares her transformative personal experiences working as a caregiver, why caregivers deserve more empathy and understanding, ethical dilemmas over medical interventions and patient autonomy, navigating the distorted reality in the mind of a dementia patient, coping strategies for caregivers and healthcare professionals, and more. In this episode, you’ll hear about: 3:13 - How Dasha “stumbled” into working as a live-in caregiver for a dementia patient while still in school4:44 - How serving as a caregiver for a dementia patient shaped Dasha’s views of neurological illness10:23 - Managing the “loss of shared reality” that often occurs between the caregiver and the dementia patient23:45 - The added emotional toll that dementia can take on family members32:46 - What human dignity means in the context of dementia care      36:55 - Fostering self-compassion as a clinician or caregiver by connecting with community 49:16 - Dasha’s advice for finding community support if you are a family caregiver Dasha Kiper is the author of Travelers to Unimaginable Lands: Stories of Dementia The Caregiver and the Human Brain (2023).Past episodes and works discussed in this episode: Episode 62: Navigating my Father’s Alzheimer’s as a Doctor | Sandeep Jauhar, MDMy Father’s Brain: Life in the Shadow of Alzheimer’s by Sandeep Jauhar, MDVisit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

There once was a time when indoor smoking was allowed in workplaces all across the United States, when trans fats were ubiquitous, and when fast food restaurants didn't have to post calorie information on their menus. That wasn't so long ago, and it's in large part thanks to the pioneering efforts of Tom Frieden, MD, MPH, Health Commissioner of New York City from 2002 to 2009, that these changes were made. Dr. Frieden’s city-wide initiatives during this time included steps to reduce tobacco use (by banning indoor smoking, increasing tobacco taxes, and aggressive anti-tobacco ads), to ban trans fats and mandate proper nutrition labeling in restaurants, and to rapidly expand screening for diabetes and HIV. All of these efforts have since been adopted nationwide and have gained practically universal acceptance by the public. Prior to this, Dr. Frieden spearheaded tuberculosis control measures in New York City and India, drastically slashing rates of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. He was also director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, during which time he led the CDC's response against the H1N1 influenza pandemic, the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, and the Zika virus epidemic. Most recently, he leads Resolve to Save Lives, an initiative aiming to prevent cardiovascular disease primarily through advocacy of lifestyle interventions. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Frieden shares his personal path to a career in infectious disease and public health, lessons learned from his work on tuberculosis control, striking the balance between curbing personal liberties and protecting community health, key insights into effective public health communication particularly when dealing with incomplete information or data, the evolution of the political and partisan nature of health policy, why preventing heart disease is so critical, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 3:00 - How a conversation with his father drew Dr. Frieden to a career in public health5:40 - Dr. Frieden’s early work tackling tuberculous as a “management problem”9:05 - Balancing individual rights with the health of the public17:55 - The formula Dr. Frieden has used to choose which particular public health issues to focus on 28:08 - Strategies for effective health communication with the public33:08 - The mission of Dr. Frieden's organization Resolve to Save Lives39:16 - Dr. Frieden’s thoughts on how to navigate public health communications in the light of changing scientific knowledge45:50 - The important lessons that Dr. Frieden learned from his patients about public health during his time as a clinician Dr. Tom Frieden is the President and CEO of Resolve to Save Lives. Dr. Frieden can be found on Twitter/X at @DrTomFrieden. People and Work discussed in this episode: Dr. Karel Styblo Dr. Nancy Messenior’s February 2020 COVID addressVisit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.Copyright The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

It is well documented that descendants of Holocaust survivors exhibit greater levels of anxiety, depression, and vulnerability. The trauma of domestic violence can ripple through generations, with maladaptive coping mechanisms and emotional instability perpetuating subsequent cycles of trauma and dysfunction. The brutal history of slavery in the United States is seen today in the form of persistent economic disparities and ongoing social injustices, affecting mental and physical health across generations. All of this, in various forms, is intergenerational trauma. Extending beyond the individual, the emotional and psychological wounds of this type of trauma embeds itself within the family lineage through behavioral patterns, emotional responses, and even biological alterations. Our guest on this episode is Mariel Buqué, PhD, a health psychologist who specializes in helping individuals experiencing intergenerational trauma. Her book Break the Cycle: A Guide to Healing Intergenerational Trauma (2024) reveals the invisible threads that link the past and present and highlights the necessity for healing not just individuals, but entire family systems and communities. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Buqué shares how she draws on her experiences as an Afro-Latina immigrant from the Dominican Republic in her work, how a health psychologist connects with patients, how intergenerational traumas happen and their devastating effects on individuals, families, friends, and community members, and more. In this episode you’ll hear about: 2:00 - What drew Dr. Buqué to the field of psychology5:19 - What health psychology is8:40 - What occurs in a course of treatment with a psychologist 18:30 - An overview of intergenerational trauma28:00 - The far-reaching effects of intergenerational trauma in society and how psychology can help unload the burden 35:50 - Breaking the cycle of intergenerational trauma 40:30 - The role of stigma in access to mental health care 45:10 - Dr. Buqué‘s approach to building trust with patients 48:28 - How all clinicians can better empathize and connect with their patients through trauma-informed careDr. Mariel Buqué is the author of Break the Cycle: A Guide to Healing Intergenerational Trauma (2024).Dr. Buqué can be found on Instagram at @dr.marielbuque.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

The Rwandan Genocide, occurring between April-July 1994, was a devastating episode of mass violence in which nearly 1 million people were killed over a period of 100 days. Fueled by longstanding ethnic tensions, political power struggles, and a deep seated history of discrimination, the genocide saw members of the Tutsi ethnic group slaughtered indiscriminately by extremists of the Hutu ethnic group. Growing up amid this chaos, Christian Ntizimira, MD witnessed some of humanity's most horrific atrocities. Instead of turning away, however, he chose to enter medicine, a profession that would allow him to address the immense suffering he saw. Today, Dr. Ntizimira is a palliative care physician and the founder and executive director of the African Center for Research on End of Life Care. In this episode, Dr. Ntizimira joins us to share his personal experiences with the Rwandan Genocide, his journey to palliative medicine after initially exploring a career in surgery, what palliative care means to him, what it looks like to honor the dignity of a patient, how he advocates better access to palliative care and chronic illness care, and his unique approach to medicine rooted in “ubuntu,” a philosophy emphasizing the universal bond that connects all humanity that is best summarized by the phrase “I am because you are.”In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:45 - How Dr. Ntizimira’s experience as a young person during the Rwandan Genocide inspired him to become a physician, and how he eventually found himself drawn to palliative care  14:25 - Dr. Ntizimira’s distinction between “treating the disease” and “treating the person”20:22 - How Dr. Ntizimira teaches doctors to fully conceptualize patients as people instead of focusing only on their medical ailments 25:50 - The heart of palliative care that transcends cultures30:54 - The importance of presence in palliative care38:27 - What “reconciliation” means in Dr. Ntizimira’s approach to palliative care 47:17 - “Ubuntu,” an African philosophy emphasizing a shared connection among humans, and how it can revolutionize how we care for patients    Dr. Christian Ntizimira is the author of The Safari Concept: An African Framework for End of Life Care.Dr. Christian Ntizimira can be found on Twitter/X at @ntizimira.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Death and grief are much more “hidden” from society today than they once were. The medicalization of dying means that death now occurs more frequently in hospitals and care facilities than at homes. The secularization of society means that traditional religious or communal rituals surrounding death and mourning have diminished. The fast pace and optimistic lens of consumer culture means less contemplation of aging, mortality, and grief. But Mikołaj Sławkowski-Rode, PhD, a professor of philosophy at the University of Warsaw and research fellow at Oxford University, argues that experiences of mourning and grief are crucial to the human condition. They allow us to foster empathy and connect with others’ suffering. They encourage us to reflect on how we value life, relationships, and the responsibilities we have towards others, both living and deceased. They revitalize communal rituals and practices, creating a sense of shared humanity.Professor Sławkowski-Rode has written widely on the philosophical and ethical dimensions of mourning, grief, and memory, and his works have appeared in The New York Times as well as various academic publications. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss the nature of grief as a multifaceted emotional response, extending beyond a psychological state and reaching into existential realms; the role of memory in the grieving process; why love and grief are fundamentally inseparable; how the atomization of modern society affects our ability to mourn; and more. In this episode, you’ll hear about: 3:20 - The focus of Sławkowski-Rode’s current work and what his day looks like as a philosopher8:10 - The value of philosophy in society 12:42 - How Sławkowski-Rode became inspired to study grief14:57 - Why grief has become more “hidden” in society over the past century23:49 - How the “cult of individuality” leads our society to ignore aging and death 33:45 - How Sławkowski-Rode defines “human flourishing”36:31 - How the atomization of modern society affects our ability to mourn  50:00 - Practical advices for clinicians on how to navigate grief and mourning for themselves and their patients Mikołaj Sławkowski-Rode is the author of the New York Times op ed It’s OK to Never ‘Get Over’ Your Grief and numerous academic publications.Dr. Sławkowski-Rode can be found on Twitter/X at @MikolajRode.Works and past episodes discussed:The Hours of Our Death by Philipe AriesEpisode 21: Pain, Pleasure and Finding the Balance | Anna Lembke, MDVisit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

For a profession like medicine in which suffering — be it physical, psychological, existential, or spiritual — is so commonly encountered and experienced, we have developed remarkably little shared vocabulary about what suffering means. That is, if we even have the conversations at all.In early June 2024, during the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual conference in Chicago, we hosted a live podcast event at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, gathering Sunita Puri, MD and Jay Wellons, MD, MSPH to explore the great problem of suffering. Dr. Puri, a palliative care physician and author of the best selling book That Good Night: Life and Medicine in the 11th Hour (2019), last joined us on Episode 74: The Beauty of Impermanence. Dr. Wellons, a pediatric neurosurgeon at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and author of the memoir All That Moves Us: A pediatric neurosurgeon, His Young Patients and Their Stories of Grace and Resilience (2022), last joined us on Episode 28: The Brain and All That Moves Us. The four of us, the guests and co-hosts, start by sharing our personal encounters with suffering, both in our patients and in ourselves, before discussing our philosophical approaches to and practical strategies for accompanying patients through suffering, managing spiritual distress, contextualizing our own humanity in these encounters, maintaining our own well-being, and searching for meaning amid these tragic moments, if it is possible. After our main discussion, we also answer audience questions about managing the sometimes unrealistic and complicated expectations patients have of clinicians, and the role of interfaith discussions among healthcare professionals.We thank Kelly Michelson, MD, MPH and the Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities at Northwestern University for making this event possible.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 3:58 - Stories of confronting suffering, both in professional and personal contexts29:02 - Practical tips for coping with suffering and uncertainty as a physician31:53 - The importance of psychological safety in feeling and expressing your emotions as a physician 36:52 - Being present in the moment while accompanying patients through difficult times40:00 - Helping doctors re-connect with the deeper reason of why they feel called to medicine 42:24 - The inexplicable relationship between love and loss 52:04 - The deep sense of meaning inherent in the work of a physician and what makes it “real” 54:41 - Q&A: How physicians can better navigate the challenging expectations patients have as well as medical skepticism1:04:05 - Q&A: How we can better incorporate interfaith dialogue into medical training and practiceDr. Jay Wellons is the author of All That Moves Us (2022) and can be found on Twitter/X at @JayWellons5.Dr. Sunita Puri is the author of That Good Night (2019) and can be found on Twitter/X at @SunitaPuriMD.

Most of us take free will for granted — from the biggest of life decisions to choosing an ice cream flavor, we are generally capable of freely deciding how to think and how to behave without outside influence. But Robert Sapolsky believes our decisions cannot be disentangled from our genetics, environment, and neurobiology. In other words, to him, free will does not exist. Dr. Sapolsky, a neuroscientist and primatologist at Stanford University, is a leading thinker on the biology of stress, human behavior, neurodegenerative diseases, and the science of free will and determinism. He is the author of multiple bestselling books, including Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers (1994), Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst (2017), and Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will (2023). His works have been featured widely in the popular press, from National Geographic to The New York Times. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Sapolsky presents his arguments against free will, along the way making detours through chaos and complexity theory, philosophy, ethics, and neuroscience. He shows how subtracting free will from the way culture thinks about crime, mental health, and human development have resulted in more humane health, justice, and educational systems. Finally, we contemplate together what human flourishing even means in the context of a life without free will. His ideas have profound implications not just on our society, but also on our understanding of human nature, challenging our perceptions and provoking deep reflection on how we navigate the choices in our lives.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 3:08 - How Dr. Sapolsky chose a career straddling both neuroscience and primatology5:04 - The moment when Dr. Sapolsky realized he did not believe humans have free will16:16 - How society becomes more humane when free will is factored out23:29 - The deep implications that free will and determinism could have on criminology 34:13 - How a belief in a lack of free will can negatively affect motivation on a societal scale43:11 - What does human flourishing look like in a world without free will? 48:07 - The best moments in life in which to utilize this understanding of free will Dr. Robert Sapolsky has authored numerous publications, a full bibliography of his works can be found here. Dr. Robert Sapolsky can be found on Instagram at @robert.sapolskyWorks and past episodes discussed:What’s Expected of Us by Ted Chiang Episode 79: Transcendence in the Age of Science | Alan Lightman, PhDVisit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Copyright The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Conventionally, we are taught that evolution implies there is no ultimate purpose to our existence, that life lacks inherent meaning — we are the product of countless intricate molecular and genetic accidents. And to many, evolution leaves little room for, and perhaps even contradicts, the existence of a deity. However, our guest on this episode, Samuel Wilkinson, MD, a professor of psychiatry at Yale University, thinks there is another way to look at evolution. Drawing from an array of disciplines ranging from evolutionary biology to cognitive science, Dr. Wilkinson provides a framework for evolution suggesting not only that there is an overarching purpose to our existence, but what that purpose is. He presents this framework in his 2024 book, Purpose: What Evolution and Human Nature Imply about the Meaning of Our Existence. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Wilkinson shares how an existential crisis during medical school led him down the path of exploring the ways evolution can be reconciled with fundamental questions and answers about life's meaning; how navigating the dual potential of human nature — pulling us between selfishness and altruism, aggression and cooperation — is key to understanding our purpose; why evolution does not exclude the possibility of existence of a god or gods; the importance of relationships in living fulfilling lives; the role of free will in the choice between good and evil; and more. In this episode, you’ll hear about: 3:37 - How a drive to understand human nature drove Dr. Wilkinson to leave his engineering studies and pursue a career as a psychiatrist. 4:44 - The scope of Dr. Wilkinson’s work at Yale 7:13 - What studying depression has taught Dr. Wilkinson about human nature 9:00 - How Dr. Wilkinson views the connection between evolution and God 24:00 - How the central argument of Dr. Wilkinson’s book differs from intelligent design26:41 - Dr. Wilkinson’s view of selfishness in human nature 37:49 - The deeper meaning that Dr. Wilkinson sees within the biological patterns of evolution 39:04 - The validity of moral relativism43:42 - “The Rider and the Elephant” as a metaphor for human nature 45:43 - Dr. Wilkinson’s thoughts on free will 55:15 - How marriage can provide a cornerstone to building “a good life” 58:10 - The way in which Dr. Wilkinson’s faith fits into his personal view of human nature 1:04:42 - How Dr. Wilkinson brings these principles into his clinical practice Dr. Samuel Wilkinson is the author of Purpose: What Evolution and Human Nature Imply about the Meaning of Our Existence (2024). Works and Individuals Discussed:The Selfish Gene by Richard DawkinsDetermined: A Science of Life Without Free Will by Robert SapolskyMichael Behe and the concept of intelligent design Free Will by Sam Harris

For Mark Lewis, MD, cancer has defined his entire life. Growing up, he witnessed his father's valiant struggle with cancer before it eventually ended his life. While still in medical training, he not only developed pancreatic cancer but also discovered the culprit. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, an inherited syndrome that drastically increases one's risk of cancers, runs in his family. So now, as a father, he guides his son in making sense of a life burdened with that risk. What’s more, as an oncologist, Dr. Lewis has also dedicated his professional life to understanding and treating cancers of the gastrointestinal system. In this deeply personal conversation filled with pathos, wisdom, and hope, Dr. Lewis shares how he learned to cope with the rage he felt towards cancer in his early years, the solace he finds in religion and how he tactfully approaches matters of spirituality with his patients, how he was fundamentally transformed after undergoing the daunting Whipple surgical procedure, the wonder he feels when considering the remarkable progress science has made in cancer therapies, and how he channels his personal experiences to connect with patients. This is an episode that paints a portrait of grace, resilience, and courage in the face of suffering and loss, and it reminds us to search for the dignity that is inherent in the act of caring for another person.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:43 - How watching his father deal with cancer led Dr. Lewis to a career in medicine.7:04 - How Dr. Lewis managed the grief and rage that came with his father’s passing. 11:10 - How the speed of medical innovation drives Dr. Lewis’ optimism. 19:51 - The role that faith plays in Dr. Lewis’ work and in his relationships with patients.29:07 - Dr. Lewis’ experience as a cancer patient and how it has informed his work as an oncologist. 39:21 - The ethical challenges involved in administering toxic treatments in oncology. 42:24 - The deeper meaning that Dr. Lewis has found through his experiences at the intersection of science and faith. 48:57 - Dr. Lewis’ advice for empathizing and connecting with patients. Dr. Mark Lewis can be found on Twitter/X at @marklewismd.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, with an endowment of over $50 billion, is one of the largest and most influential philanthropic organizations in the world. With a focus on addressing global health, poverty, and education, its initiatives have led to the reduction of malaria mortality by 60% over the past two decades, the near eradication of polio, increased educational opportunities of millions of students, and improved sanitation conditions for millions of people in developing countries. For six years, oncologist Sue Desmond-Hellmann, MD, MPH was the CEO of this organization. Prior to that, she served as Chancellor of the University of California at San Francisco, as well as President of Product Development at Genentech, where she oversaw the development of Herceptin, Avastin, Rituxan, and other blockbuster cancer drugs that are now staples in the arsenal of many medical oncologists.The topics of our discussion in this episode are as varied as Dr. Desmond-Hellman's career. We discuss, among other things, how seeing the work of her pharmacist father encouraged her to pursue a career in medicine, how her early experiences treating HIV patients in Uganda spurred her to tackle global health challenges, how she discovered a passion for product development in the pharmaceutical industry, how she reconciles the ethical quandaries of developing medications that can cause serious adverse effects and that can sometimes cost hundreds of thousands of dollars per dose, what her mission while at the Gates Foundation was, and her perspectives on the role of artificial intelligence and human health and well-being, now that she has joined the board of directors of OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT.In this episode, you will hear about: 2:50 - How working in her father’s pharmacy led Dr. Desmond-Hellmann to a career in medicine4:56 - A brief summary of Dr. Desmond-Hellmann’s multifaceted career trajectory15:36 - What the day to day work of pharmaceutical drug development looks like 18:30 - The challenging ethical concerns that surround drug approvals especially as it pertains to safety concerns23:44 - Dr. Desmond-Hellmann’s experiences in Uganda that forever transformed her views on poverty 27:55 - The aims of the Gates Foundation 30:47 - How Dr. Desmond-Hellmann views her work both in the non-profit and the for-profit sectors 37:15 - Dr. Desmond-Hellmann’s mission when she took on a leading role at The Gates Foundation 38:38 - How Dr. Desmond-Hellmann thinks about shaping the future of AI as she takes a seat on the board of OpenAI45:14 - Dr. Desmond-Hellmann’s advice for medical trainees and clinicians on how to navigate the many opportunities available to them along their career pathDr. Sue Desmond-Hellmann can be found on Twitter/X @suedhellmann.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

In today's world, the idea of “identifying your values” is so ubiquitous, appearing from corporate mission statements to self-help books, that it can seem trivialized to the point of meaninglessness. But in this episode, Ira Bedzow, PhD reminds us it does not have to be this way—explorations of personal values can be an inspiring, holistic, and thought provoking process that transforms everything that we do, from finding joy in work to building fulfilling relationships. Bedzow is the executive director of the Emory Purpose Project, an initiative at Emory University that provides opportunities for students to develop a capacity for reflection on purpose and meaning. He is also an associate professor in the Department of Medicine, a core faculty member of Emory's Center for Ethics, a senior fellow in Emory's Center for the Study of Law and Religion, and an Orthodox rabbi. Over the course of our conversation, Bedzow discusses how he helps people discover their life purpose, how he teaches moral leadership, how he wrestles with questions of moral relativism, the connection between a loss of purpose and burnout, how he counsels clinicians on resolving ethical quandaries, and more.In this episode, you will hear about: 2:21 - The varied roles that make up Dr. Bedzow’s current career8:06 - What “values” mean15:53 - The principles Dr. Bedzow employs when counseling students on their career and life aspirations19:07 - Applying ethical thinking to medical scenarios 27:36 - How Dr. Bedzow counsels leadership at an organizational level31:02 - The connection between a loss of sense of purpose and burnout 39:01 - How organizations and individuals can proactively foster a sense of mission 42:05 - The deep meaning that Dr. Bedzow finds in his religion 45:23 - Truths that Judaism can offer the world  Ira Bedzow is the author of the essay How Purpose and Employee Empowerment Can Stop Burnout.Ira Bedzow can be found on Twitter/X at @ijbedzow.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Terminal lucidity is a mysterious yet well-documented phenomenon in which someone at the end of life—including those who have suffered strokes or other brain injuries, or those afflicted by dementia—suddenly returns with mental clarity and is able to recognize loved ones and engage in meaningful and emotionally rich conversations. It challenges our fundamental understanding and assumptions about the nature of consciousness, brain function in the context of severe illness, and personhood. In this episode, Alexander Batthyány, PhD, a cognitive scientist and the Director of the Viktor Frankl Institute, offers insights on terminal lucidity from his years of study on this phenomenon from a philosophical, ethical, neurological, and psychological perspective. He is the author of the 2023 book Threshold: Terminal Lucidity and the Border of Life and Death.Over the course of our conversation, he shares how witnessing terminal lucidity in his grandmother has shaped his life purpose, why he chooses to use the word “soul” in his academic research, the role of spirituality and religion in making sense of terminal lucidity, the limits of our scientific and materialistic understanding of the brain, what terminal lucidity reveals about the dignity and unpredictability inherent in the human condition, and what it ultimately teaches us about kindness and compassion. In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:31 - The personal experience that drew Dr. Batthyány to study terminal lucidity 6:34 - An exploration of human dignity12:26 - The importance of talking and thinking about the human “soul”18:26 - Definition and phenomenology of terminal lucidity23:57 - What is known about brain functioning during episodes of terminal lucidity 31:44 - Advice for caregivers, family members, and clinicians if a patient experiences terminal lucidity36:55 - The prevalence of terminal lucidity 40:14 - Whether individuals who experience terminal lucidity have insight into their condition42:15 - Why phenomena like terminal lucidity matterDr. Alexander Batthyány is the author of Threshold: Terminal Lucidity and the Border of Life and Death (2023).Dr. Batthyány can be found in Twitter/X at @Alxdr_Batthyany. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) plays a crucial role in health care. As the organization that oversees medical education and thus the pipeline of future medical professionals in the United States, its critical duties include administering the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), managing the residency application service, drafting guidelines for faculty members and departments at medical schools and academic hospitals, disseminating data on medical education and workforce trends that shape policymaking at medical schools and government bodies, and promoting diversity in health care.Leading this organization is David Skorton, MD, a cardiologist and pioneer of cardiac imaging and computer processing techniques, who also previously served as the 13th Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and as President of Cornell University and of the University of Iowa. In this episode, Dr. Skorton shares with us how his family's immigrant past has shaped him, how he went from struggling during his own medical school application process more than 50 years ago to now leading an organization that represents all medical schools and teaching hospitals, why the arts and humanities matter to him, how he thinks about medical education given the emergence of generative artificial intelligence, what great mentors look like, how effective leadership often means learning from everyone around you, and more.In this episode, you will hear about: 2:42 - Dr. Skorton’s unexpected path from jazz musician to President of the AAMC7:42 - Why current medical admissions aim to be “holistic”12:09 - The lessons Dr. Skorton learned through mentorship and why the arts and humanities can create better doctors17:32 - How Dr. Skorton has been able to “see past himself” enough to receive challenging criticism from mentors28:01 - The core tenets of Dr. Skorton’s leadership philosophy 31:35 - How the AAMC views the future of medical education especially in light of advances in artificial intelligence38:47 - The importance of diverse healthcare teams46:32 - Issues that Dr. Skorton addresses through his role at the AAMCDr. David Skorton can be found on Twitter/X at @DavidJSkorton.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

In spring of 2020, Cornelia Griggs, MD was finishing her nearly decade-long training to become a pediatric surgeon in New York City, when COVID-19 struck and life fell apart. The hospital was flooded with mysteriously sick patients for whom no known treatments existed, basic supplies disappeared from shelves, and each day at work took on an existential burden as she wondered if this would be the day she caught the deadly disease herself. Dr. Griggs describes these dramatic stories from the early days of the pandemic in her 2024 memoir, The Sky Was Falling. Today, she is a triple board-certified pediatric surgeon, having completed medical school and pediatric surgery fellowship at Columbia University Medical Center, and her adult general surgery residency and surgical critical care fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital, where she currently practices. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Griggs describes the course of her challenging training in medicine, why it takes “a little crazy” to succeed as a surgeon, harrowing moments that defined heroism amid the throes of the pandemic, how she continued working even when giving up was the easy option, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:26 - What initially drew Dr. Griggs into the field of medicine and to the speciality of pediatric surgery 14:35 - Why the operating room is a “safe space” for Dr. Griggs19:36 - The sense of alarm that Dr. Griggs experienced in the early days of the pandemic that drove her to write her viral New York Times op-ed, The Sky is Falling 28:26 - How Dr. Griggs fell into an “investigative reporter” headspace as the pandemic raged around her in New York City 30:26 - The sense of fear that enveloped both patients and the medical community during the first months of the pandemic 40:27 - A moment during the early pandemic when Dr. Griggs seriously considered leaving the city and her post in the hospital46:30 - How ICU nurses brought dignity and humanity when tending to seriously ill COVID-19 patients51:16 - The hopefulness Dr. Griggs carries in seeing the large number of people who have entered medicine since the pandemicDr. Cornelia Griggs can be found on Twitter/X at @CorneliaLG.Dr. Griggs is the author of The Sky Was Falling (2024).Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

To many health economists, the growing aging population is the greatest public health challenge facing America. The current fragmented and costly healthcare system is simply incapable of dealing with the complex medical and socioeconomic needs of this population, especially in an equitable way.Our guest on this episode, Linda Fried, MD, MPH, has dedicated her life to rethinking how we can create better health futures for older adults. Her pioneering research has expanded our notions of aging and longevity in the 21st century. Dr. Fried, a geriatrician and epidemiologist, is Dean of the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Senior Vice President of the Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and former Founding Director of the Center on Aging and Health at Johns Hopkins University. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Fried shares how her early experiences as a caseworker drove her to study medicine, surprising lessons from the martial arts aikido, what frailty means in the context of caring for older adults, why America is one of the most age segregated societies in the world, the flaws of over medicalizing health issues, redefining the roles of older adults in society, the importance of meaning and community in sustaining happiness in life, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:30 - What Dr. Fried’s early experiences in social work taught her about justice, social inequity, and taking care of another person11:47 - How an awareness of the social determinants of health shaped Dr. Fried as a clinician 16:46 - Why physicians need to stop “medicalizing” all aspects of a patient’s life25:00 - How Dr. Fried came to be interested in geriatrics 28:19 - Dr. Fried’s dedication to extending “healthspan” as well as “lifespan” in our society 31:08 - The clinical definition of “frailty”34:15 - The value that an older population could bring to our society38:49 - The United States’ unique culture of age segregation and how it contributes to poor health outcomes for the elderly45:38 - What the healthcare system and society at large can do to better serve elderly populations 50:55 - Dr. Fried’s advice for keeping true to your purpose as a medical professional Dr. Linda Fried can be found on LinkedIn.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

The history of cardiac surgery is filled with tales of intrepid surgeons with larger-than-life personalities who pushed the limits of the human body and the bounds of what were then considered acceptable medical practices. The result? Heart transplants, pacemakers, artificial heart valves, heart-lung machines, and other once-unthinkable and experimental procedures that have now saved millions of lives. Our guest in this episode, Gerald Imber, MD, charts these remarkable developments in his 2024 book Cardiac Cowboys: The Heroic Invention of Heart Surgery. While not writing books on the history of medicine, Dr. Imber is a practicing plastic surgeon who specializes in cosmetic surgery. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Imber talks about the challenging yet rewarding training he underwent as a surgery resident, what it means to have an “eye for aesthetics,” why he decided to write a book on the history of heart surgery, stories of daring surgeons from this history, how he reconciles the drive to push the frontiers of medicine with a regard for patient safety, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about:2:15 - What drew Dr. Imber to a career in surgery 7:55 - Dr. Imber’s grueling experiences as a general surgery resident11:52 - Dr. Imber’s transition into plastic surgery and the aesthetic sensibilities necessary for this speciality 22:46 - What Dr. Imber’s current plastic surgery practice looks like 24:28 - How Dr. Imber finds fulfillment and meaning in his work 25:21 - What motivated Dr. Imber to write Cardiac Cowboys, a book about the history of open heart surgery 30:47 - Balancing risks to patient lives with medical and surgical experimentation34:25 - A brief history of open heart surgery40:02 - Key milestones in the development of open heart surgery 45:24 - What Dr. Imber hopes readers take away from Cardiac Cowboys Dr. Gerald Imber is the author of Cardiac Cowboys: The Heroic Invention of Heart Surgery (2024) and Genius on the Edge: The Bizarre Double Life of Dr. William Stewart Halsted (2010).Dr. Imber can be found on Instagram at @geraldimbermd.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Rotavirus, a highly contagious virus that causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, used to kill more than half a million children annually. But the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine has slashed that number dramatically, saving hundreds of thousands of lives each year. Joining us in this episode is Paul Offit, MD, a co-inventor of one of the two most widely used rotavirus vaccines worldwide. Dr. Offit is a professor of pediatrics and vaccinology at the University of Pennsylvania and director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. A leading world expert on vaccines, he served on the FDA Vaccine Advisory Committee during the COVID-19 pandemic. He is the author of more than 15 books, most recently Tell Me When It's Over: An Insider's Guide to Deciphering Covid Myths and Navigating our Post-Pandemic World (2024). Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Offit shares what drew him to pediatrics, how he developed a vaccine that now saves hundreds of kids every day, the stringent process by which new medications are approved, the origins of vaccine hesitancy. Why public health communication failed during the COVID-19 pandemic, what we can do to restore public trust in medicine, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:24 - The harrowing experience Dr. Offit endured as a young child that inspired him to a seek a career in pediatrics6:40 - How Dr. Offit’s research led to a successful rotavirus vaccine in 2006 10:46 - A brief history of vaccines16:40 - Why Dr. Offit chose to become a public advocate for vaccines 20:14 - Why vaccines have garnered such intense backlash from large proportions of the public 26:44 - Factors that have led to an erosion of trust in public health over the past four years33:01 - What Dr. Offit means when he talks about “following the science”40:35 - How public health officials can speak about scientific knowledge in a way that acknowledges uncertainty47:37 - The future of vaccines mandates in our society 54:16 - Dr. Offit’s advice for building trust with skeptical parents Dr. Paul Offit is the author of 13 books, including Tell Me When It's Over: An Insider's Guide to Deciphering Covid Myths and Navigating our Post-Pandemic World (2024).Dr. Offit can be found on Twitter/X at @DrPaulOffit.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Soon after finishing his first semester of college, Jim Yong Kim, MD, PhD excitedly told his father that he'd dedicate his life to starting a social justice movement. In response, his father sternly reprimanded him, saying that the only career he'd support was one in medicine. Dr. Kim acquiesced, but over the subsequent decades would hold on to this passion for social justice and become one of the most influential individuals working in global health, poverty reduction, and sustainable development. He co-founded Partners in Health, today a renowned medical humanitarian organization that operates in the poorest areas of developing countries. From there, he served as advisor to the Director-General of the World Health Organization and as Director of its HIV/Aids Department. He would then serve as the 17th President of Dartmouth College, before being selected as President of the World Bank, a position he would hold for seven years. In this episode, Dr. Kim joins us to discuss his unique training combining medicine with anthropology, the cultural factors that shaped his understanding of international development, how he spearheaded radical efforts to treat millions of HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients around the world, the inner mechanisms of the World Bank, the moral philosophy that drives his work, and more.In this episode, we discuss: 2:32 - Dr Kim’s motivation for pursuing both medicine and anthropology 8:04 - How Dr. Kim paired his clinical training with his passion for social justice 16:46 - How Dr. Kim stayed true to his moral convictions as he faced challenges in managing global crises such as the HIV epidemic in Africa 26:29 - The story of PEPFAR, one of the most ambitious initiatives to address the global HIV/AIDS pandemic pandemic30:45 - How committing to moral justice can help people think outside of the box to meet the economic needs of a situation 33:36 - The history and goals of the World Bank 38:11 - How Dr. Kim prepared for his role at the World Bank, an organization that operates in many sectors in addition to global health 43:28 - How Dr. Kim maintains a sense of purpose and fulfillment throughout his careerDr. Jim Yong Kim can be found on Twitter/X at @jim_yong12.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

It's a cliche to say health care is broken. However, the extent to which it is unnecessarily convoluted, inefficient, and fragmented frustrates even the most experienced clinicians each time they are forced to deal with its consequences. Medical records disappear when a patient switches doctors. Critical details of life-saving treatment plans are buried deep within thousands of pages worth of electronic charts. In this episode, Stanford oncologist and journalist Ilana Yurkiewicz, MD explores all the ways that modern medicine is riddled with gaps and the incredible strain this puts on providers, patients, and caregivers alike. She is the author of the 2023 book Fragmented: A Doctor's Quest to Piece Together American Health Care. In the first half of our conversation, Dr. Yurkiewicz shares how she connects with patients and helps them through the worst moments of their lives—often taking place after a cancer has been treated. In the second half, we discuss why electronic medical records are failing doctors and patients, how clinicians can strive to retain a sense of autonomy, and how she manages the uncertainty that this broken system frequently imposes upon her.In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:53 - Dr. Yurkiewicz’s day job as a primary care physician specializing in cancer patients and survivors5:49 - The benefits that cancer patients and survivors receive in seeing a primary care provider with additional training in oncology10:34 - What initially drew Dr. Yurkiewicz to oncology 15:00 - Why helping people through times of suffering is meaningful to Dr. Yurkiewicz18:30 - How Dr. Yurkiewicz became adept at dealing with the diverse emotional psychosocial of cancer survivors 22:45 - What “fragmentation of the healthcare system” means to Dr. Yurkiewicz 24:24 - How patients expect the medical system to work versus how it actually works 34:30 - The challenges physicians face in piecing together a patient’s story through medical charts39:12 - The consequences of fragmented medical records46:26 - How electronic medical records can be improved50:44 - How Dr. Yurkiewicz retains a sense of autonomy amid a fragmented system 58:11 - Dr. Yurkiewicz’s approach to having difficult and high-stakes conversations with patients Dr. Ilana Yurkiewicz is the author of Fragmented: A Doctor's Quest to Piece Together American Health Care (2023).Dr. Yurkiewicz can be found on Instagram at @iyurkiewiczmd.In this episode, we discuss Danielle Ofri’s 2019 New York Times Op Ed The Business of Healthcare is Built on Exploiting Healthcare Workers.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

We didn’t choose to live this life. In its most difficult moments, it's all too natural to ask the question, “What makes life worth living?” This question, so central to philosophy since ancient times, is what we explore in this episode with Nick Riggle, a professor of philosophy at University of California, San Diego. Riggle is the author of several books, most recently 2022’s This Beauty: A Philosophy of Being Alive. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss aesthetics, which is the branch of philosophy concerned with beauty and art; the various ways that we, successfully or otherwise, have attempted to find meaning in life; why finding beauty and building an aesthetic community is so crucial to human well-being; and much more. In this episode, you’ll hear about: 2:29 - Nick’s path from being a pro-skater to becoming a philosophy professor and author 8:41 - How Nick approaches surveying philosophical thought through history10:22 - The importance that aesthetics and beauty play in Nick’s studies 19:13 - What motivated Nick to write his book This Beauty21:04 - How Nick conceptualized answering the central question of his book23:51 - The takeaways that Nick personally found for what makes life worth living 29:15 - What it means to pay attention to the beautiful things in life 32:18 - Are some kinds of beauty and art “better” than others? 34:47 - The value of creating an aesthetic community  39:12 - Living an aesthetic life when your physical or mental state is limitedNick Riggle is the author of multiple books and publications, including This Beauty: A Philosophy of Being Alive (2022), Aesthetic Life and Why it Matters (2022), and On Being Awesome: A Unified Theory on How Not to Suck (2017). Nick Riggle can be found on Instagram at @nickriggle.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Anyone who has interacted with ChatGPT is likely to agree that it is one of the most powerful and transformative artificial intelligence tools out there. Writes our guest on this episode, Microsoft's Chief Scientific Officer Eric Horvitz, MD, PhD, “ChatGPT left me awestruck. It is a polymath with a remarkable capacity to integrate traditionally disparate concepts and methodologies to weave together ideas that transcend disciplinary boundaries.” Dr. Horvitz is one of the leading voices in artificial intelligence (AI), serving now on the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and formerly as President of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. His research has been foundational to machine learning, AI integration of multisensory streams of information, computational models in imperfect information systems, and applications of AI amidst the complexities of the open world. As it happens, Dr. Horvitz is also a physician by training. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Horvitz discusses how studying AI has enabled him to explore the mysteries of human intelligence and why there are some domains of the human experience that AI will never capture. As you will hear, he brings an eloquent optimism to articulating the ways that AI will contribute to human flourishing. In this episode, we discuss: 3:00 - Dr. Horvitz early trajectory from medical school to a PhD in computer science7:42 - What Dr. Horvitz’s studies in AI have taught him about natural intelligence 10:00 - A primer of generative AI 21:16 - Dr. Horvitz’s view on the future potentials and dangers that AI will bring to society 29:04 - How the profit motive might shape the utilization of AI in our society 36:48 - The importance of approaching AI development from a human-centered lens  47:29 - What human flourishing could look like in a society steeped in artificial intelligence Dr. Eric Horvitz is the author of numerous publications on artificial intelligence and its role in society. Dr. Horvitz can be found on Twitter/X at @erichorvitz.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

If you were to rank all the medical specialties by the arduousness of the training required, the technical complexity and high stress of the interventions involved, and the harshness of the working hours, cardiothoracic surgery would be near or at the top of anyone's list. In this episode, cardiac surgeon and Chair of the Department of Surgery at Columbia University Medical Center Craig Smith, MD takes us into the heart and mind of a physician who regularly cracks open a person's chest to manipulate some of their most anatomically intricate parts in order to save their lives. He is the author of the 2023 memoir Nobility in Small Things: A Surgeon's Path, and famously performed the quadruple bypass surgery that saved former US president Bill Clinton's life in 2004. Over the course of our conversation, Dr. Smith discusses the joys of exploring the human body, what motivates him to get up at 4 a.m. every day with the same burning passion for his work, why his family is one of the most important elements of work life balance, how he deals with mistakes and adverse events in the operating room, and more.In this episode, you will hear about: 2:23 - Dr. Smith’s initial path to medicine 4:43 - What drew Dr. Smith to the field of cardiothoracic surgery and how he handles the high-stakes nature of the work. 15:47 - What happens when a surgery goes not go according to plan 18:54 - Dr. Smith’s approach to comforting and connecting with patients prior to surgery 22:24 - Dr. Smith’s experience performing surgery while struggling through what he later learned was a very early case of COVID-19 in early 202029:03 - How Dr. Smith views work-life balance 34:17 - The role of spirituality and religion in Dr. Smith’s work35:51 - How Dr. Smith has retained his sense of purpose and calling throughout his career 45:28 – A patient story that encapsulates why performing surgery is so meaningful for Dr. SmithDr. Craig Smith is the author of Nobility in Small Things: A Surgeon’s Path (2023).Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

When Kathy Giusti was told she had multiple myeloma one fateful day in 1996, she was 37 and in the midst of a successful rising career. She was the mother of a one-year-old baby with plans to have a second child. The disease had few treatments and she was given three years to live. Instead of sitting back, however, Kathy took action to create her own hope. That meant not only conducting  research on treatments where there was none, but doing it with unprecedented speed and precision. She founded the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation and became its first CEO. In the two decades since, the foundation has spearheaded a clinical network that has conducted nearly 100 trials and launched more than 150 new drugs, drastically increasing the life expectancy of patients from 3 to 10 years. For her work, she has been included among Fortune Magazine's list of the World's 50 Greatest Leaders and TIME Magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the world. Kathy is also the author of the 2024 book Fatal to Fearless, which helps cancer patients understand and navigate their own care. Over the course of our conversation, Kathy describes her life before and after her diagnosis of multiple myeloma, how and why she took initiative to create new treatments for her own disease, what happened after she received a new diagnosis of breast cancer in 2022, and how all patients can better make the healthcare system work for them.In this episode, we discuss: 3:00 - Kathy’s life before she was diagnosed with cancer4:56 - What is multiple myeloma? 8:58 - Kathy’s reaction upon learning her diagnosis, both intellectually and emotionally 18:36 - How Kathy navigated the experience of concurrently going through IVF and cancer treatment22:30 - The sources of support that Kathy leaned on throughout her cancer journey24:40 - How Kathy and her sister started the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation  34:53 - How the treatment landscape for multiple myeloma has changed since Kathy was diagnosed in 199641:00 - A glossary of medical terms that have been discussed in this episode44:33 - The current status of Kathy’s multiple myeloma 50:39 - Kathy’s key advice for both cancer patients and health care professionals for navigating cancer treatment  Kathy Guisti is the author of From Fatal of Fearless: 12 Steps to Beating Cancer in a Broken Medical System (2024).In this episode we discuss the book When Breath Becomes Air by Paul Kalanithi, and the essay The Median is Not the Message by Jay Gould, PhD, and our past episode The Physician Who Cured Himself (with Dr. David Fajgenbaum).Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Copyright The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

In the 100th episode of The Doctor's Art, we reflect on the lessons and insights we have heard from guests over the past two years. We first share the story of how The Doctor’s Art podcast came to be, then we discuss some of the most meaningful and impactful episodes for us and how the show has changed the way we practice medicine and approach life. Finally, we share exciting new directions in which we hope to take the program.In this episode, we discuss: 1:45 - How The Doctor’s Art podcast came to be 9:20 - Reflections on the growth and evolution of the podcast16:05 - The deep meaning that Tyler found in recording Episode 19 (Art, Drama and a Terminal Illness, with Ellen Dunphy), which featured a terminally ill patient under his care shortly before her passing22:35 - How Episode 41 (Love and Mercy in the ICU, with Wes Ely) set Henry up for success as he began his career as a physician30:22 - The insights on suffering in Episode 52 (A Space for Mystery, with Elisha Waldman) that have influenced Tyler’s personal and professional lives 33:25 - How Episode 65 (Everyday Wonder in Medicine and Beyond, with Dacher Keltner) helped Henry find awe in everyday moments while working in the hospital36:07 - The single sentence in Episode 73 (The Physician Who Cured Himself, with David Fajgenbaum) that has stayed with Henry and reminds him to cherish how our bodies work39:10 - The two episodes that challenged the way Tyler perceives the world (Episode 86: Reflections at the End of Sight, with Andrew Leland and Episode 91: Inside a Suicidal Mind, with Clancy Martin) 41:24 - How Dacher Keltner’s explanation of awe points to the kinds of experiences and activities we can value and why some are more transformative than others44:01 - The unexpected effect that Episode 21 (Pain, Pleasure, and Finding the Balance, with Anna Lembke) had on Tyler’s perception of addiction within our modern lives51:37 - What’s next for The Doctor’s Art podcast We would like to take this opportunity to thank each and every one of you for listening to this show. We would also like to thank our guests for their generosity in sharing their time with us.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

At the mention of human consciousness and the supposed interconnectivity of all things, your mind probably conjures up the countless books on meditation, alternative medicine, and mysticism that permeate self-help sections of bookstores. But complexity theory attempts to apply rigorous scientific analyses to universal questions of consciousness and being. At its heart, complexity theory seeks to understand how complex behaviors and patterns emerge from simple rules and interactions within a system. This theory, which draws from mathematics, computer science, and physics, challenges our traditional reductionist approaches to biology and reveals how life self-organizes from the substance of our universe, from interactions within the quantum foam to the formation of atoms and molecules, cells, human beings, social structures, ecosystems, and beyond.Here to tell us more about it is Neil Theise, MD, a pathologist and complexity theorist who in 2023 wrote the book Notes on Complexity: A Scientific Theory of Connection, Consciousness and Being. Dr. Theise is Co-Director of Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology at NYU's Grossman School of Medicine and is a pioneer of adult stem cell plasticity and the anatomy of the human interstitium. In the first half of our conversation, Dr. Theise discusses his journey to pathology by way of Jewish studies and computer science during college, what it's like to decipher diseases through his biopsy samples, and the significance of being the doctor that other doctors turn to for guidance on treatments. In the second half of our conversation, Dr. Theise gives us a primer of complexity theory and how it seeks to explain the beauty and mysteries of life.In this episode, we discuss: 4:01 - What a pathologist does and why Dr. Theise finds the work fulfilling 8:15 - Dr. Theise’s path to becoming a pathologist 15:22 - The unique role of pathologists in learning life-changing information about patients20:42 - What it’s like to be the doctor that other doctors turn to for diagnostic puzzles 24:43 - A primer to complexity theory 37:03 - The difference between chaos theory and complexity theory 40:35 - How Dr. Theise came to study complexity theory and how it relates to our understanding of the body54:38 - Why Dr. Theise believes that people should bring metaphysics back into their lives Dr. Neil Theise can be found on Instagram at @neiltheise.Dr. Neil Theise is the author of Notes on Complexity: A Scientific Theory of Connection, Consciousness, and Being (2023).Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

There is an increasing body of scientific evidence demonstrating a phenomenon humans across cultures have long known intuitively: we are biologically wired for art. Engaging in the arts transforms our neural circuitry in deep ways that we are only beginning to uncover, and studies are showing how the arts can help us live longer, stave off cognitive decline, reduce our stress hormones, nurture the development of young minds, reduce the impacts of PTSD, and more. Joining us in this episode are two individuals at the forefront of the movement to translate this groundbreaking research to medicine, public health, education, the workplace, and other real world applications. Susan Magsamen is the director of the International Arts and Mind Lab at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where her research focuses on how our brains respond to artistic experiences. Ivy Ross is an acclaimed jewelry designer and Vice President of hardware design at Google. Together, they coauthored the 2023 New York Times best seller Your Brain on Art: How the Arts Transform Us. Over the course of our conversation, Susan and Ivy discuss the emerging field of neuroaesthetics, how the arts can make us healthier, smarter and happier, and how we can incorporate more art into our everyday lives.In this episode, we discuss: 2:40 - How Susan and Ivy’s paths led them to neuroarts7:46 - What does it mean to be in a “flow state”? 15:12 - An introduction to neuroaesthetics and neuroarts 18:33 - Surprising impacts the arts have on health 25:58 - The health benefits of creating art in community 29:51 - What “aesthetics” means in the context of Susan and Ivy’s studies 33:53 - The science behind how the arts support healing 39:45 - Practical tips for someone who wants to begin engaging with art 46:32 - Dispelling the myth of “high art vs low art”Susan Magsamen and Ivy Ross are the co-authors of Your Brain on Art: How the Arts Transform Us (2023).Susan Magsamen and Ivy Ross can be found on Instagram at @yourbrainonartbook.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Born in India in 1920, Gladys McGarey, MD has a life story marked with various pivotal moments of the 20th century. She witnessed Gandhi's Salt March in her final childhood days in India, arrived in the US in the midst of the Great Depression, began medical school four months before the US joined the Second World War, and became a physician at a time when few women were accepted in the profession. She would later co-found the Academy of Integrative Health and Medicine and the American Board of Integrative Medicine. At over 100 years old, Dr Gladys, as she likes to be called, is still practicing medicine. In 2023, she published The Well-Lived Life A 102-Year-Old Doctor’s Six Secrets to Health and Happiness At Every Age, in which she details her approach to a happy life by focusing on finding love and purpose. In this episode, Dr Gladys joins us to discuss her remarkable journey in medicine, what holistic medicine means to her, her own experiences with cancer, the healing power of love and human connection, and more.In this episode, you’ll hear about:2:08 - Dr. Gladys’ early years and her path to becoming a physician7:20 - The discrimination that Dr. Gladys endured as a female physician 11:02 - What Dr. Gladys’ medical practice looked like when she began her career 12:23 - Dr. Gladys’s definition of holistic medicine and how it became a part of her practice 18:22 - Dr. Gladys’s case for why love is essential when providing healing for a patient  23:27 - How Dr. Gladys’ own experience as a cancer patient demonstrates her approach to holistic medicine26:12 - What Dr. Gladys believes has been lost amidst all of the advances that medicine has made30:09 - How spirituality has affected Dr. Gladys’ approach to medicine 31:41 - Concrete ways that doctors can incorporate holistic sensibilities into their practicesDr. Gladys can be found on Instagram at @begladmd.Dr. Gladys MacGarey is the author of A Well Lived Life: A 102-Year Old Doctor’s Six Secrets to Health and Happiness at Any Age (2023).Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

Ben Taub Hospital, located in the heart of Houston, Texas, is the city's largest hospital for those who cannot afford medical care. Texas, in turn, is the US state with the country's largest uninsured population. Amid chaotic emergency rooms and busy hospital wards serving the most financially and medically vulnerable people, Ricardo Nuila, MD finds meaning and beauty through stories he hears from his patients. In addition to his duties as a hospitalist at Ben Taub Hospital, Dr. Nuila is an associate professor of medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Humanities Expression and Arts Lab, as well as an author whose writings have appeared in the Atlantic, the New Yorker, the New York Times Sunday Review, and more. His 2023 book, The People's Hospital: Hope and Peril in American Medicine, explores the ups and downs of American medicine through the lens of patients he has encountered at Ben Taub. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss what it's like to practice in a safety net hospital, the power of narrative medicine in connecting with patients, and how clinicians can hold onto their strength of character, even when working in a system that often feels broken and indifferent to human suffering.In this episode, we discuss: 2:25 - How Dr. Nuila became drawn to both medicine and creative writing  6:07 - The characteristics that define different types of hospitals 12:06 - A patient story that exemplifies the experience of being a doctor at a public safety net hospital 20:33 - How Dr. Nuila finds deeper meaning in providing care, even when faced with systemic circumstances that a doctor can’t fix25:34 - Dr. Nuila’s advice for how to get through the moments when you feel like you are “at war” with gaps in the system 42:32 - How narrative medicine and storytelling can make more effective clinicians 45:45 - Dr. Nuila’s advice on how to make a career in medicine meaningful Dr. Ricardo Nuila can be found on Twitter/X at @Riconuila.Dr. Nuila is the author of The People’s Hospital (2023).Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

As an English professor at Yale University, essayist and literary critic William Deresiewicz observed a trend across American higher education that troubled him deeply. Instead of learning to think independently, critically, creatively, and courageously, students were increasingly subscribing to a mode of careerism, credentialism, and conformism that focused on climbing the academic or professional ladder. So what is the value of higher education? As Deresiewicz writes in his 2014 book Excellent Sheep: The Miseducation of the American Elite and the Way to a Meaningful Life, colleges, first and foremost, are supposed to teach you to think, to help you develop a habit of skepticism and the capacity to put it into practice. More than that, college is where you build a soul — your moral, intellectual, sensual, emotional self, through exposure to books, ideas, works of art, and pressures of the minds around you that are looking for their own answers to the big questions. Questions of love, family, God, mortality, time, truth, dignity, and the human experience. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss the search for a meaningful life, the worth of a liberal education, the role of mentorship, the relationship between solitude and leadership, what it means to cultivate moral imagination, and more.In this episode, we discuss: 3:00 - Deresiewicz’ approach to teaching during his years as a college professor6:25 - The reason why parents are not ideally positioned to guide their children through questions of what they want to do with their lives 8:02 - What Deresiewicz believes is the purpose of higher education 10:50 - What it means to “shape the soul” of students 17:12 - What we miss when we take a scientistic view of the world 20:45 - The challenge of establishing normative values in society, and why a “moral education” should be prioritized instead28:25 - The search for individualism among students today30:55 - What true leadership looks like and why people in powerful positions in our society do not often exhibit these traits40:28 - What does it mean to have a sense of purpose?43:00 - How young people can work to develop their sense of a calling or purposeWilliam Deresiewicz is the author of four books, including A Jane Austen Education (2011), Excellent Sheep (2014), The Death of the Artist (2020), and The End of Solitude (2022), as well as multiple essays, including Solitude and Leadership (2010) and The Disadvantages of an Elite Education (2008). William Deresiewicz can be found on Twitter/X at @Wderesiewicz.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to info@

What happens to the mortality rates of cardiac arrest patients on days when there is a marathon happening in the city? What happens to surgical complication rates when it's the surgeon's birthday? Why do patients of younger doctors seem to have better health outcomes? These and other quirky questions are what preoccupy health economist, Dr. Anupam Jena. Dr. Jena is a professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School, professor of medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, host of the popular Freakonomics, MD podcast, and, together with Dr. Christopher Worsham, co-author of the 2023 book Random Acts of Medicine. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss the often-unintuitive role that random chance plays in our health outcomes, the hidden drivers of medical decision-making, misconceptions about physician burnout, and more. As we'll see, through tackling what can be amusing questions about why physicians and patients behave the way they do, Dr. Jena encourages us to reconsider our own ways of thinking and imagine how we can do better and be better.In this episode, we discuss: 2:18 - The path that took Dr. Jena to the intersection of medicine and economics8:54 - How Dr. Jena discovers topics for research12:12 - Unexpected and important findings that Dr. Jena has learned over the course of his work19:18 - Dr. Jena’s focus on “natural experiments”22:02 - Thinking about physician burnout from an economist’s perspective36:42 - The mission Dr Jena had when he set out to write Random Acts of Medicine44:08 - Dr. Jena’s advice for medical trainees on how to understand the hidden forces of the medical systemDr. Anupam Jena can be found on Twitter/X at @AnupamBJena.Dr. Jena is the co-author of Random Acts of Medicine (2023) and the host of Freakonomics, MD. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2024

From ancient myths to science fiction, humans have long been fascinated by the idea of transcending the limits of our natural lifespan. But what does modern medicine say about the practical, actual possibilities of extending human life? Joining us to explore this tantalizing question is Tony Wyss-Coray, PhD, a neuroscientist and director of the Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at Stanford University. While his research focuses on age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, his work has involved identifying the “biological age” of various organs and its implications on various diseases, and treating old animals with the blood of young animals to halt, and even reverse, aging of the body. Over the course of our conversation, we not only discuss the mysterious mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, but also venture beyond the lab to explore the philosophical and ethical dimensions of life extension. We ask: how does our understanding of aging affect our perception of self and identity? Is aging a disease to be treated? What are our social and moral obligations when it comes to prolonging life or enhancing brain function? Is immortality even desirable?In this episode, we discuss: 2:30 - How Dr. Wyss-Coray became drawn to neuroscience 4:45 - Defining neurodegeneration and aging 9:26 - The studies that led Dr. Wyss-Coray and his team to finding the gap between biological age and chronological age21:06 - Is reversing the aging of an organism’s body a realistic goal? 28:31 - The possibilities and limits of treating neurodegenerative conditions 33:49 - Dr. Wyss-Coray’s groundbreaking work in treating old animals with the blood of young animals to reverse aging38:51 - The philosophical and moral implications of life extension48:57 - Dr. Wyss-Coray insight into the “secrets” behind some people’s longevity Dr. Tony Wyss-Coray can be found on Twitter/X at @wysscoray.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023

Medical anthropology provides a lens through which we can view the intricate tapestry of human health, woven with the threads of cultural beliefs, social structures, and biological realities. Few have played a more significant role in creating this discipline than psychiatrist Arthur Kleinman, MD, whose early, extensive field work in Taiwan and China have shaped how we think about cross-cultural healthcare systems and their impacts on human suffering. Many of his books, including The Illness Narratives and Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture, have become seminal texts in medical anthropology. Dr. Kleiman is also a moral philosopher whose writings have explored the frailty of our existence and how uncertainty and crises sharpen our moral identities. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss Dr. Kleinman's bold explorations of human wellness across cultures, the search for meaning amid pain and suffering, the struggle to lead a moral life, and medical anthropology as a clarion call for a more nuanced and empathetic approach to health and healing.In this episode, we discuss: 2:26 - Dr. Kleinman’s path to medicine 7:00 - How anthropology and psychiatry became central to Dr. Kleinman’s work  11:23 - The four core questions that define Dr. Kleinman’s decades of study 16:09 - How cultural definitions of a healthcare system greatly impact its effectiveness and reach22:12 - Finding meaning in experiences of pain and sorrow  33:56 - An anthropological view of human existence, morality, and ethics 46:00 - The basis for Dr. Kleinman’s book The Soul of Care 47:51 - How Dr. Kleinman’s search for meaning shapes his approach to medicine50:35 - The delineation between “morality” and “Morality”57:40 - Connecting to our shared humanity by “doing” careDr. Kleinman has authored seven books, including his most recent, The Soul of Care.In this episode, We share excerpts from: Dr. Kleinman’s book What Really Matters, Morten Lauridsen’s choral piece O Nata Lux, and Bryan Stevenson’s book Just Mercy. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023

Since childhood, Clancy Martin has been preoccupied with, and even addicted to, the idea of suicide. A survivor of more than ten suicide attempts. Clancy has spent his life wrestling with questions like: where do these impulses come from? Why am I haunted by them? Why do I feel so much guilt? Can I be helped?Clancy is a professor of philosophy at the University of Missouri — Kansas City, where he teaches existentialism, moral psychology, philosophy of the mind, and ethics. He is a Guggenheim Fellow and the author of more than ten books, most recently 2023’s How Not to Kill Yourself: A Portrait of the Suicidal Mind, in which he chronicles his struggles with suffering, substance use, and an obsession with self-destruction. At the same time, the book is a prescription of hope and an eloquent reminder of the interconnectedness of our lives. These are the issues we grapple with in this episode. Content warning: Due to the sensitive nature of the topic of suicide, this episode might be distressing for some listeners. If you or someone you know is struggling with thoughts of suicide, in the United States, you can contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline by texting or calling 988, available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For our international listeners, please refer to local resources in your country for support. In this episode, we discuss: 3:53 - The importance of “speaking honorably” about suicide and removing the taboo surrounding the topic9:23 - Applying the biopsychosocial model of illness to suicide 13:29 - Clancy’s lifelong experience with suicidal ideation 22:58 - Moving past our tendency to see suicidal ideation as a personal sin or failure. 27:07 - Understanding the different reasons why a person would consider suicide 35:54 - In Clancy’s view, what lies on the other side when one moves beyond a suicidal mindset 44:42 - Clancy’s advice for how to cope if you are currently vulnerable to suicidal thoughts Clancy Martin is the author of How Not to Kill Yourself: A Portrait of the Suicidal Mind (2023).In this episode, We discuss Clancy’s 2018 essay, I’m Still Here. Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023

In recent years, loneliness has transformed from a private, personal experience into a full blown public health crisis. Studies have repeatedly shown that loneliness and social isolation increase the risk of premature death, dementia, and all sorts of mental illnesses. In this episode, Jeremy Noble, MD shares how he is combating our national crisis of loneliness by fostering connection through art and storytelling. Dr. Noble is the founder of the Foundation for Arts and Healing, a lecturer at Harvard Medical School, and the author of the 2023 book Project UnLonely: Healing Our Crisis of Disconnection. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss Dr. Noble's unique path to arts and medicine, the three types of loneliness—social, emotional, and existential, what meaningful social connection looks like, and the healing power of creativity.In this episode, we discuss: 2:08 - Dr. Nobel’s journey to becoming a “public health practitioner” and the personal meaning that the has found in his work5:44 - The issues that Dr. Nobel is most interested in addressing within public health7:03 - How Dr. Nobel found his way to the arts and humanities14:21 - The benefits available at the intersection of the arts and medicine16:09 - The mission of the Foundation for Art and Healing and Project UnLonely22:26 - The definition of “loneliness” and the importance of loneliness literacy 24:19 - The “pyramid of vulnerability” for loneliness 27:10 - Evolutionary reasons for loneliness and how those are exacerbated today34:19 - The three types of loneliness38:20 - How we can cultivate a culture of connection in a society that has grown to distrust people and institutions 42:24 - What public health agencies should do to better prepare our society to reckon with loneliness 44:11 - The importance of addressing the loneliness inherent in medical trainingDr. Nobel is the author of Project UnLonely: Healing Our Crisis of Disconnection (2023).Learn more about Project UnLonely and The Foundation for Art & Healing: www.artandhealing.org.Dr. Nobel can be found on Twitter/X @JeremyNobel1.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023

It's been less than a year since ChatGPT was released in November 2022, but in that time, reports have emerged of ChatGPT outperforming physicians in everything from clinical reasoning to documentation and even to empathetic communication with patients. How are we to make sense of the role of clinicians when artificial intelligence and digital health technologies seem to be advancing at a pace beyond our reach?Here to discuss this is Jag Singh, MD, PhD, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and former Clinical Director of Cardiology and Founding Director of the Resynchronization and Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics Program at Massachusetts General Hospital. He is the author of the 2023 book Future Care: Sensors, Artificial Intelligence and the Reinvention of Medicine. Over the course of our conversation, we discuss how digital tools can make healthcare more human-centered, how we validate the effectiveness of these tools, what we can do to prevent the profit motive from corrupting their implementation, and the skills that clinicians need to cultivate in order to thrive in the future. In this episode, we discuss:2:21 - Why Dr. Singh chose the specialty of cardiology, and specifically electrophysiology 7:43 - Why Dr. Singh became interested in digital health10:17 - How doctors know if remote monitoring and other digital interventions  truly work in the interest of patients15:57 - Dr. Singh’s concerns over the digitization of health21:36 - How we can center digital health interventions on patients and what clinicians can do to be a part of the solution34:54 - Whether or not academia is doing a good job of preparing future clinicians to work with digital tools 37:33 - How digital tools might change the role of the clinician43:25 - The skills that clinicians will need to develop to better work alongside AI59:25 - The values that clinicians will need to cultivate to work effectively in the digital future of healthDr. Singh is the author of Future Care: Sensors, Artificial Intelligence, and the Reinvention of Medicine (2023).You can follow Dr. Singh on Twitter at @jagsinghmd.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023

According to emergency physician Dr. Leana Wen, "public health saved your life today, you just don't know it." Having been appointed the Baltimore City Health Commissioner at the age of 31, she certainly has the credentials and stories to illustrate this assertion. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, public health played a frequently misunderstood and under-appreciated role in our society, ranging from sanitation and immunization to mental health support and pollution control. In addition to her public health work, Dr. Wen is the author of the 2021 memoir Lifelines: A Doctor's Journey in the Fight for Public Health. She is a regular contributor to The Washington Post, a medical analyst for CNN, professor of health policy and management at George Washington University, former president of Planned Parenthood, and in 2019 was named one of TIME magazine's 100 Most Influential People. In this episode, Dr. Wen not only unpacks what public health is, but also shares her challenging upbringing as a child of immigrants, how she became the health commissioner of a city she had not previously worked or lived in, lessons on decision making in a crisis, the importance of finding good mentors, and more. In this episode, you will hear about:2:08 - Dr. Wen’s childhood as an immigrant to the US and her early experiences as a patient6:34 - Why Dr. Wen decided to train as an emergency medicine physician and how she got into public health9:27 - The ways in which emergency medicine training prepared Dr. Wen for a career in public heath13:34 - Dr. Wen’s objectives as she entered the role of Baltimore City Health Commissioner17:05 - Balancing priorities when confronted with the complexities of public health21:50 - Navigating public health policy within our challenging political climate 26:16 - The importance of telling success stories in public health to spread awareness of its importance28:24 - Dr. Wen’s advice on what to look for in a good mentor32:15 - What ties together the many experiences Dr. Wen has had throughout her career Dr. Leana Wen is also the co-author of When Doctors Don’t Listen: How to Avoid Misdiagnosis and Unnecessary Tests (2014).Follow Dr. Wen on Twitter @DrLeanaWen.Visit our website www.TheDoctorsArt.com where you can find transcripts of all episodes.If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe, rate, and review our show, available for free on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to leave a suggestion in the comments or send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023

Awe is a feeling we've all experienced but often struggle to articulate. Whether it's the sheer scale of a skyscraper, the infinite expanse of a starry night sky, or the miracle of childbirth, moments of awe can strike us at unexpected times, leaving us speechless, inspired, and even profoundly transformed. In this episode, we speak with Dacher Keltner, PhD, a psychologist at UC Berkeley, where he is the founding director of the Greater Good Science Center and the host of The Science of Happiness podcast. Keltner is a leading researcher on human emotion whose work focuses on the socio-biological origins and effects of compassion, beauty, power, morality, love, and social class. His most recent book is AWE: The New Science of Everyday Wonder and How It Can Transform Your Life. In this episode, we discuss the eight sources of wonder in life, how we can nurture an openness to experiencing awe, and how this openness can help us navigate grief, uncertainty, loneliness, and mortality, ultimately allowing us to lead more meaningful lives.In this episode, you will hear about:How growing up in a family of artists and humanists led Dr. Keltner to psychology - 2:26What the scientific study of emotions looks like - 4:54How scientists grapple with the difficulty of defining and studying emotions and feelings - 8:20A discussion of Jonathan Haidt’s revolutionary study of morality, The Righteous Mind - 11:57How Dr. Keltner defines and studies awe and wonder - 14:39The Eight Wonders of Life - 27:31Awe, beauty, and the sublime - 36:16Reflections on how digital technologies have negatively impacted our ability to experience awe - 38:35Advice for how we can practice the experience of awe - 44:26How awe can help with human suffering and physician burnout - 46:39Dr. Dacher Keltner is the author of many books, including AWE: The New Science of Everyday Wonder and How It Can Transform Your Life, The Power Paradox: How We Gain and Lose Influence, and Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life.In this episode, we discuss Bertrand Russel’s Power: A New Social Analysis, Paul Ekman’s work on emotions and facial expressions, William James’ What is an Emotion?, Jonathan Haidt’s The Righteous Mind, Richard Lazarus’ “core relational themes,” Edmund Burke’s A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow, Anna Lembke’s Dopamine Nation, and Jean Twenge’s work on social media and self-focus.If you know of a doctor, patient, or anyone working in health care who would love to explore meaning in medicine with us on the show, feel free to send an email to [email protected] The Doctor’s Art Podcast 2023