As we continue looking at Kingdoms of Africa, we look at the Kingdom of the Kongo located in Central Africa in the present day northern Angola and surrounding countries. Who were the first settlers to land in that area. In The Kingdom of Kongo through the eye of Richard Nwamba we hear how by studying the musicology of a people can one discover a history of a particular people. Nwamba, a cultural Analyst, an accomplished cultural commentator and broadcaster of note tells the history of this kingdom....

It can be argued that rivers formed part of civilization, as people flocked for fertility along their banks.In Part two of Kingdoms of Africa series, Izak Khomo, an unsung Pan Africanist and historian in his own right, speaks to the inseparable connection between kingdoms and civilization. He looks at how the Sahel became the bedrock of kingdoms in Africa, especially within the ancient North African countries.

Africa has gone through what others would call imperialism, well before the recent infamous colonialism. People who became influential and powerful became rulers. Apart from wealth that could come with it, those that could command respect from the rest of the people took leadership roles. In Kingdoms of Africa, we bring you professors and gurus in the subject of royalty in Africa, and define what constituted a kingdom and empire in Africa…

In our programme this week as Africa celebrates Africa month, we look at whether the continent is taking a positive trajectory in the wake of a pandemic, which seems to have put some 'spokes' to the process of its rebirth. Is Africa on track? We hear from experts about how Africa can better celebrate its achievements, if any.

As the Zulus grapple to find the next Prime Minister Elvis Nkosi, a social commentator and political analyst from South Africa weighs in on the incumbent Prime Minister- Mangosuthu Buthelezi. What roles do Prime Ministers hold in the Zulu monarchy? How did Mangosuthu Buthelezi become Prime Minister? Conversation with Elvis Nkosi on family succession in Zulu culture

The Zulu Funeral Rituals- fetal death and the messaging (1’67)Elvis Nkosi, Social Commentator and Political Analyst explains how in the Zulu society, fetal deaths are not treated the same way as that of a fully grown up child. Such deaths are treated ‘ discreetly’ by the family, as opposed to any other death. Gender Roles in Zulu funeral rituals (6’36)In this podcast Elvis Nkosi observes that: like any other nation, gender roles play a role in the Zulu funeral rituals, in that, when a woman dies, only women will take part in the washing of the body and visa-versa.Are widows given a fair deal in the Zulu culture? (16’34)Elvis Nkosi raises a controversial argument regarding the treatment of widows during and immediately after the death of a husband.

The 1960s saw the heightened repression in South Africa. Oliver Reginald Tambo was among the treason trialists of the freedom movement. He left on a mission by the ANC to establish a site of struggle overseas, build diplomatic support, and in time, to establish the armed struggle. He was a recognized leader of the ANC capable of accomplishing that mission. The legacy of South Africa's dispensation, can therefore, never be written without Oliver Reginald Tambo. How does South Africa and the world remember Oliver Tambo.Lulli Callinicos is the official biographer of Oliver Tambo. Should like to comment on this program……. Email: [email protected]: @ohchannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802, Satellite Pas 10 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo, was a South African anti-apartheid politician and revolutionary who served as President of the African National Congress from 1967 to 1991. The Tambo name is associated with integrity, humility, selfless leadership and much more. The Oliver & Adelaide Tambo Foundation is a public benefit organisation that was established in 2011 to promote, protect and preserve the legacies of freedom fighters and leaders of democracy who fought for equal education, community-upliftment, and women-empowerment initiativesIn our program this week we look into part one of the 7TH Oliver Tambo Memorial Lecture by the Oliver & Adelaide Tambo Foundation. The lecture discusses the effects OR Tambo has had on the youth to inspire them into taking power into their own hands. It is questioned if the values exhibited by the current leaders after Uhuru are just, are these values the same values that leaders such as OR Tambo had when fighting for the black community. We also hear how the people Zimbabwe have their rights infringed.We hear from the Chief Executive Officer of the Oliver & Adelaide Tambo Foundation, Zengeziwe Msimang, key note speaker, Zimbabwean novelist, playwright, and filmmaker, Tsitsi Dangarembga and lastly Lebogang Mashile, South African actress, writer and performance poet.Should like to comment on this program…….Email: [email protected]: @OHChannelafrica We are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

Johannesburg has impacted on the livelihood of many neighbouring countries and beyond.As a city it has gone through six phases and counting. It is believed that the city has undergone recreation; having gone through layers of architectural designs and having been built on the sweat and often the blood of migrants from across, what today, is the South African Development Community (SADC) region. Should like to comment on this program……. Email: [email protected]: @OHChannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802, Satellite Pas 10 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

Johannesburg is a unique vibrant child of migrant workers stretching nearly 150 years!As a city it has gone through six phases and counting. It is believed that the city has undergone recreation; having gone through layers of architectural designs and having been built on the sweat and often the blood of migrants from across, what today, is the South African Development Community (SADC) region. Should like to comment on this program…….

Land redistribution and land restitution have been topics of debate in Africa for years. The South African Parliament's land committee is holding public hearings for submissions on legislation that will amend Section 25 of the Constitution, to include a clause to allow land expropriation without compensation.In our program this week we continue looking into the history of land dispossession. We discuss changes the government should implement in the efforts of redistributing land to its people, we also question if the African economy is stable enough to sustain itself when international investors flee during land redistribution.Nombuyiselo Tango, the co-producer of the program speaks to Professor Sibonginkosi Mazibuki from the University of South Africa, we also speak to Mapule Joseph Makgoba, one of the people trying to regain land belonging to a heritage site in Limpopo, South Africa. Audio courtesy of SABC’s African perspective, a speech by US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and SABC’s Morning Live where Sakina Kamwendo discussed land redistribution without compensation with Dr Peter Karungu, an Economic consultant and managing partner of Synthecon and lastly AfriForum's Campaign Officer Ernst Van ZylShould like to comment on this program…….Email: [email protected]: @OHChannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

Land redistribution and land restitution have been topics of debate in Africa for years. The South African Parliament's land committee is holding public hearings for submissions on legislation that will amend Section 25 of the Constitution, to include a clause to allow land expropriation without compensation.In our program this week we look into the history of land dispossession. We discuss changes the government should implement in the efforts of redistributing land to its people, we also question if the African economy is stable enough to sustain itself when international investors flee during land redistribution.Nombuyiselo Tango, the co-producer of the program speaks to Professor Sibonginkosi Mazibuki from the University of South Africa, we also speak to Mapule Joseph Makgoba, one of the people trying to regain land belonging to a heritage site in Limpopo, South AfricaShould like to comment on this program…….Email: [email protected]: @OHChannelafrica We are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

Ceremonies within Africa vary greatly between countries due to the diversity of culture and religion, though one thing that is prevalent is the deeply rooted respect towards African traditions. Over the years the African traditional weddings have slowly faded as the introduction of western weddings have rapidly spread throughout AfricaIn our program this week we look at the importance of promoting African Traditional weddings. We discuss Africans idolizing Western weddings over African Traditional weddings and further unpack the psychological reason behind the lack of promoting African weddings.Nombuyiselo Tango, the co-producer of the program speaks to Pearl Mbowani a social worker(who looks into Marriage and Relationship matters, Divorce, Family related matters, Marital disputes, Child abuse, Domestic violence and much more we are also joined by Kabelo Chabalala, the Founder of the Young Men Movement , a writer & Columnist.

As the world experiences the effects of Corona virus, many countries have imposed lock downs and curfews on their citizens. These lock downs have seen an escalation of gender based violence cases in many countries. In our programme this week, we look into the history of gender based violence throughout Africa, we interrogate the issues by discussing with experts from different organisations involved in gender issues in the continent, especially dealing specifically with violence based on culture.Nombuyiselo Tango, the co-producer of the program speaks to two South Africans on how culture impacts gender based violence and if the justice system is really just.Should like to comment on this program…….Email: [email protected]: @OHChannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802, Satellite Pas 10 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

The Soweto uprising was a series of demonstrations and protests led by the black youth in South Africa that began on the morning of 16 June 1976 to change the country's socio-political landscape. The events were rooted in apartheid policies that resulted in the introduction of the Bantu Education Act. South Africa commemorates the Soweto uprising as youth day on the 16th of June yearly. What lessons have been learnt beyond 1976; post 1994 in South Africa and Africa as a whole, in as far as youth development is concerned. How will the continent reconstruct the effects of the plight of the youth beyond the COVID-19? Should you like to comment on this programme, do twit to:@OHchannelafricaOr email: [email protected] are on DSTV audio bouquet #802

COVID-19 presents African states with a challenge; as there are not enough testing kits let alone, a vaccine available on the market as yet. While that poses a challenge to many countries in Africa, opportunities still exist to collaboratively find solutions and build capacity based on strong solidarity when it seems much of the world turns inward. Nombuyiselo Tango- the co-producer of the program speaks to two South Africans about the way African have used traditional African medicine from time immemorial. Will the cure for COVID-19, maybe, come from Africa? Should like to comment on this program……. Email: [email protected]: @OhchannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802, Satellite Pas 10 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

The year 2020, albeit being dubbed the year of plenty- as in “twenty plenty”- has presented the world with a new normal. With the COVID-19 pandemic on the whole world, it has given time for us to consider where we come from and how the world will be post the pandemic.Channel Africa brings you a reflection on a man, who worked hard to make sure that certain sections of people in Africa are free. This is a man who contributed to the success of the age long struggle for freedom in Southern Africa – General Hashim Mbita of Tanzania; the late former Executive Secretary of the Organisation of African Unity’s Liberation Committee. Should like to comment on this program……. Email: [email protected]: @OHChannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802, Satellite Pas 10 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

The Sharpeville massacre of 1960 in South Africa, was one of the first mass killings of black South Africans by the apartheid regime when police descended on a group that gathered to protest against the pass-laws. These were laws a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, manage urbanisation, and allocate migrant labour. In the program this week, we hear about the background to the protest and how it affected freedom of movement of the people in South Africa. Was it a breach of human rights?What breach of human rights in the continent are rife in the modern day era?Should like to comment on this program……. Email: [email protected]: @ohchannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802, Satellite Pas 10 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

Museums play a vital role in preserving a peoples’ culture and heritage. In today’s program, we take you on a visit to the Apartheid Museum. Much of African history was preserved through oral rather than written tradition. Nowadays people have believed that written history is the most accurate and reliable form of description but how about artefacts? Nombuyiselo Tambo (Co-Producer) takes a tour to few museums in South Africa to find out how museums have assisted in the heritage of African people. Have Africans believed in museums?

Museums play a vital role in preserving a peoples’ culture and heritage. In today’s program, we take you on a visit to the Apartheid Museum. Apartheid in South Africa was a political and social system used by the white South African regime from 1948 to 1994. As a minority group at the time, the South African whites used their political advantage over the majority. Racial segregation that took place then, had been used for centuries but the new policy in particular started in 1948. Have you been to a museum? What is the role of your museums in preserving your culture and religion?

We hear how the African religious traditions are diverse, to the extent that within the same tradition, there have been variations.The three main religious traditions—African traditional religion, Christianity, and Islam—constitute the triple religious heritage of the African continent. In quite a number of African countries, people practice the African traditional religion and Christianity. We ask how exactly, that work?Does the need for searching of one’s identify encourage class discriminations? Why is the study of one’s heritage important to the connectivity of the African peoples?

Royalty in Africa has preserved the cultural heritage of the continent. It has, over the years affirmed the identity of a people, as it creates a comprehensive framework for the preservation of cultural significance and historical values in a democratic societyThe main role of a traditional leader is to control social behavior within a community. This includes handling matters relating to traditional leadership, customary law, and in some cases handling political matters- though most are social leaders rather than government institutions.

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

Cultural heritage and history of a nation is quite valued. Cultural heritage affirms the identity as a people because it creates a comprehensive framework for the preservation of cultural significance and historical value. An important part of the Venda culture is ancestor worship and their close ties to the spirit world. While revering ancestors, Venda beliefs include a white python and water sprites that need to be nurtured.Should you like to comment on this program…… Email: [email protected]: @ohchannelafricaWe are on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802, Satellite Pas 10 and Live Streaming : www.channelafrica.co.za

The Northern Sotho are believed to be a Bantu ethnic group from Southern Africa mainly found in the Limpopo, South Africa. The Northern Sotho people are divided into several dialects, the two main dialects of the Northern Sotho’s are Pedi and Lobedu, both sharing most of the cultural values, though the spoken language is quite distinct. During the coronation ceremony of the Queen of Lobedu in Limpopo, the South African President, Cyril Ramaphosa promised during his address to make Lobedu an official South African language.Are we neglecting the other Northern Sotho dialects when focusing on Lobedu?Is representation throught the cultural industry vital? How significant are totemic animals in preserving the Northern Sotho heritage?

The Xhosa are believed to be a Bantu ethnic group from Southern Africa mainly found in the Eastern and Western Cape of South Africa. The Xhosa people are divided into several clans with related, yet, distinct, heritages. Over time, it is believed that some of the Zulus that fled during the Zulu wars (Mfecane) were welcomed amongst the Xhosa people. This is the origin of the Mfengu Clan of the Xhosa people. Are there class discriminations amongst clans in the Continent?Does the need for searching of one’s identify encourage class discriminations? Why is the study of one’s heritage important to the connectivity of the African peoples?

Africa, as a continent is experiencing many incidents of rape and gender based violence, especially on women and children. In South Africa alone, one in three women will be sexually attacked. Two in five are beaten by their partners. SABC as a national broadcaster has launched the Africa Rise Again – Men in the Making campaign which seeks to assist men in forming a community “which they can turn to for support and for grounding” What is the state of gender relations in the continent?Should you like to comment on this program:Email: [email protected]: @ohchannelafricaWe are also on DSTV Audio Bouquet #802

Writing in vernacular is usually much easier than formal writing. How about writing an entire doctorate thesis in a vernacular language? A South African woman, has made history by writing her entire thesis in her vernacular language- Setswana. Setswana is one of the South African languages. Eileen Elizabeth Pooe is a teacher, a lecturer and head of the North West University’s Department of Setswana. The BaTswana are more of Bantu speaking ethnic group than ‘people from Botswana’.

The Tswana are more of Bantu speaking ethnic group than ‘people from Botswana’.About four million Tswana people live in Southern Africa; three million are believed to live in South Africa and just over a million in Botswana. The Batswana, as they are called, are believed to have migrated southward 1500 years ago from areas around Katanga in DRC close to the Zambian side. What are the distinctive cultural heritage of the Tswana?

The death of Samora Machel, the first post- colonial president of Mozambique on the night Sunday, 19 October 1986 happened on the Lebombo Mountain near Mbuzini- a border town of South Africa and Mozambique. This was after a Mozambican presidential aircraft carrying the president and his entourage turned towards the South African border, apparently, in response to signals from a VOR (a Very high frequency Omni- directional Radio) which was coming from Lebombo Mountain, near Mbuzini.Did Samora Machel die in vain?What lessons does Africa draw in response to the fight against imperialism let alone colonialism?

Ephraim Charlie Khumalo, veteran South African journalist and Albert Albie Sachs- a retired South African Constitutional Court Judge narrate the legacy of Samora Moises Machel, the first post-colonial president of Mozambique, whose influence affected the neighbouring countries attainment of freedom. Samora Machel’s death is commemorated every 19th October.This follows his tragic death at Mbuzini in South Africa in a plane crash on the night of 19th October, 1986. Who was Samora Machel? Is his legacy well celebrated in the continent?

Is it true that King Mswati 3 from Eswatini, previously called Swaziland, always takes advantage of the Reed Dance to choose his wives?The Umhlanga Reed Dance in Eswatini is a traditional dance ceremony celebrated, mostly, at the end of August every year. This is a Swati cultural event which is performed as a tribute to the Royal Family in Eswatini and it dates back centuries in time. Performed by maiden girls, strictly childless, from across the country, the dance is attended by the King, his mother (Queen Mother) and visitors from all over. What kind of cultural events happen in your country? Share with Channel Africa by sending us your comments to the following:

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

August is Women’s Month in South Africa. This is in commemoration of the 1956 women’s march to the Union Buildings in Pretoria, where almost 20,000 women ranging from all backgrounds and cultures including Indians, Colored, Whites and Blacks protested against the abusive pass laws. In Women of Substance 2, we hear about Sophie De Bryn, the only surviving member of the 1956 women’s march to the Union Buildings in Pretoria, South Africa.

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

August is Women’s Month in South Africa. This is in commemoration of the 1956 women’s march to the Union Buildings in Pretoria, where almost 20,000 women ranging from all backgrounds and cultures including Indians, Colored, Whites and Blacks protested against the abusive pass laws. In Women of Substance 1, we hear about Winnie Madikizela Mandela, the wife of the late South African President , Nelson Mandela. Did Mandela make Winnie?

Nelson Mandela dreamt of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of the majority of the people of South Africa. His 27 years’ incarceration speaks volumes of the spirit of human triumph that made Nelson Mandela’s contribution to the struggle for freedom of the South African majority manifested.In Mandela the Icon 2, Advocate George Bizos- Nelson Mandela’s personal friend and lawyer speaks about Mandela‘s struggles both outside and inside Robben Island. We also hear the voices of Andrew Mlangeni- one of the surviving Rivonia Trialists.

One name that is synonymous with South African greatness is that of Nelson Mandela.Born Rolihlahla Mandela, Mandela, as he is famously known, came from the Madiba clanin the village of Mvezo, in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. A school teacher changed his name to Nelson Mandela during his early years at school. Listening to the stories of his ancestors’ struggles for their own liberation during the wars of resistance, Nelson Mandela dreamt of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of the majority of the people of South Africa.In Mandela the Icon 1 episode of Our Heritage, we begin a three-part series looking at the journey of a South African who rose to become an icon to the world.

June 16, 1976, in South Africa remains synonymous to the suffering of the young people against the Apartheid tactics of education; where the government of the day sought to impose Afrikaans as the official language of instruction in schools.In the program this week we hear from some of the people directly involved in the uprising. What lessons do the events of June 16, 1976 in South Africa, align to the challenges of the youth today, in the Continent?

Seth Mazibuko is a household name, famous for the June 16 Foundation in South Africa. This is an independent non-profitable organization whose focus is youth economics, social and educational development projects. At the age of 16 Seth, together with other youth began what is, today known as the June 16 Uprising in South Africa. The Uprising was a well- organized protest- first, by youth of Soweto, followed by a country-wide orchestrated march, which culminated in the death of some youth, including, the famous Hector Petersen, in whose memory a museum in his name has been erected in Soweto.What lessons do the events of June 16, 1976 in South Africa, align to the challenges of the youth today, in the Continent?

African music and dance has a historical component in preserving the heritage of a people through its oral traditions that sometimes express the prowess of a people. As the continent celebrates Africa month, have Africans done enough to preserve their heritage, in a far as music and dance is concerned? What kind of music and dance have you preserved for the future? Has your government done enough to preserve your music and dance?

Chris Hani, born Martin Thembisile Hani, was the leader of the South African Communist Party and chief of staff of uMkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress. Chris was a fierce opponent of the apartheid government in South Africa, and was assassinated on 10 April 1993; a year before South Africa’s first democratic elections.Why was Chris Hani loved by most of the majority but feared by the minority in South Africa?

Oliver Mtukudzi, the musician has died but not his music and legacy!Southern Africa has lost one of her artist of note, who has graced international stages with a unique blend of African lyrical genius and beats. From Zimbabwe, in Africa to Rome, in Italy, Oliver Mtukudzi’s music will be remembered for time immemorial!In Oliver Mtukudzi, we look at the musical journey of this talented Zimbabwean who toured the world over with his unique blend of music.

National Anthems in Africa have celebrated the coming of age of a particular country. Independence from any type of oppression such as colonialism, apartheid etc, and has aptly defined the role of anthems in a country.The singing of national anthems at events such as political rallies, sports and other international events brings the pride of the people towards their nation. Anthems are always supposed to be treated as being sacred and deserving respect. Although anthems are used to distinguish states and territories, there are instances of shared anthems. "Nkosi Sikelel’iAfrika” became a pan African liberation anthem and was later adopted as the national anthem of five countries in Africa including Zambia, Tanzania Namibia and South Africa.

The establishment of indigenous knowledge systems in countries in Africa can elevate the existing traditional beliefs that have been passed on from generation to generation in the continent. South Africa is one of the countries in Africa whose indigenous knowledge systems are taken seriously; with the establishment of a specific organization that looks at such issues.

The battle of Isandlwana on January 22, 1879 in South Africa, remains one of the historic wars, where a non –African army was defeated in the hands of the locals. A historic journey of the battle of Isandlwana in South Africa “is not only a South African story”. This is according to Mbuso Khoza of the African Heritage Ensemble from South Africa. How does the battle of Isandlwana in South Africa important to the African heritage and the fight for the liberation in African discourse?

Victoria Falls is one of the ‘Seven Wonders of the World’ and SADC Region’s ‘Wonder’ steeped in modern and cultural heritage which has shaped the geopolitical landscape of the region. A visit to this touristic destination reveals a historic tapestry of the region.

The year 2018 marked a major milestone in the incredible story of Nelson Mandela; his centenary. The Nelson Mandela 100 centenary programme represents the focal point of the Nelson Mandela Foundation's strategy to elevate the legacy and memory of the founder of the Foundation.

Victoria Falls is one of the ‘Seven Wonders of the World’ and SADC Region’s ‘Wonder’ steeped in modern and cultural heritage which has shaped the geopolitical landscape of the region. A visit to this touristic destination reveals a historic tapestry of the region. Do you have a wonderful heritage site in your country worthy celebrating?

The existence of international radio in the Continent provides a space for developmental journalism.Channel Africa, previously called Radio RSA, an international service funded by the Department of Communications of South Africa, and managed by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) has a long history of the South African broadcasting landscape, with a mandate of promoting the South African foreign policy, at two different political dispensations. Is it still relevant in this era of divergent discourse?

Africa’s rich indigenous knowledge will always provide solutions to some complex and simple challenges in food preservations including the health of soil. According to FAO’s Eugene Rurangwa, there is need ‘to act appropriately and mix scientific technics with local knowledge’ to achieve some of the many challenges Africa is experiencing, especially in climate change. How can Africa balance indigenous knowledge with modern knowledge to mitigate some of the problems especially in food safety?

Bagamoyo in Tanzania, became a trading port for ivory and the slave trade. Apart from the ivory and slave trade around Bagamoyo, Kaole Ruins are significant in their historical impact of the area. Channel Africa visits the Kaole Ruins in Bagamoyo the slave centre in Stone Town- Zanzibar and The African Renaissance Monument in Dakar, Senegal.

South Africa and the world will remember Albertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu (popularly known as MaSisulu) as a heroine; a woman with a strong resolve for human rights, and a South African anti apartheid activist. She was the wife of Walter Sisulu, one of the Rivonia trialist and a fellow anti - apartheid activist.How do you honour and remember heroes and heroines in your country?

What does a national anthem represent?Though national anthems are used to distinguish states and territories, their messages and representation signify patriotism, praise and devotion. Over the years, National Anthems have symbolized the liberation trail and celebrations of freedoms for many countries in the world. How do you respect your national anthem?

Is indigenous knowledge in Africa a prospect for job creation and a boost for a country’s economy? IKS or Indigenous Knowledge Systems refer to “a total of knowledge and practices, used in the management of socioeconomic, ecological and spiritual facets of life.. What are the lessons in your country?

The Swazi history dates back to the late sixteenth century, when the first Swazi King, Ngwane II, settled southeast of modern day Swaziland. His grandson Sobhuza I established a permanent capital and drew within a centralized political system the resident Nguni and Sotho people. How much do you know about the heritage of your country?

What are the factors that make heritage in a country?While heritage is a highly changeable concept, which can also be constantly in flux and whose substance and meaning are continuously being redefined by society: depending on who is in charge, most countries in Africa have defined their heritage according to their colonial lessons. What are your lessons in your country?

Humans have always had a thirst for knowledge – whether it be to improve their lives and circumstances or out of sheer curiosity and the urge to get to the bottom of things.It is against this backdrop that Africans have gone to look for their further education outside the continent.What has the continent of Africa lost over the years in as far as its own literature is concerned? Where do Africans centre their quest for knowledge?

As South Africa commemorates Women’s Month names like Winnie Mandela, Sophia de Bryun, Albertina Sisulu and many more, will always be remembered as women of substance. They fought many battles during the apartheid era and specifically involved in the struggle for the liberation of the majority in the country. Most of them were incarcerated and tortured during this period of struggle. How have you celebrated women during women’s month in your country?

Women in Heritage (WIH) are women who played major roles in the liberation of peoples in Africa or are involved in areas of heritage in their countries. In South Africa, women like Winnie Mandela, Sophia de Bryun, Albertina Sisulu and many more were involved in the struggle for the liberation of the majority in the country. Most of them were incarcerated and tortured during this period of struggle. How have you celebrated women in heritage in your country?

As the world celebrates the birthday and centenary since the birth of one of the world’s icons Nelson Mandela, many people are coming out to talk about his legacy. Did Mandela make himself? At Mandela’s 16th lecture, several speakers including former American president, Barack Obama spoke extensively about Nelson Mandela’s legacy, which, he alludes to have contributed immensely to the American President’s political aspirations. How do you remember your leaders who played major roles of bringing the freedoms you are enjoying in your country?

Language defines a culture. In South Africa alone almost 70% of the majority speak one of the Bantu languages. There is an almost perfect correlation between race and language: those who speak a Bantu language as a mother tongue are black Africans, and there are few blacks who do not speak a Bantu language. Is this common in the rest of the Continent?How have the constitutions of nations in the continent contributed to the cultures of Africa?

Nelson Mandela’s Rivonia Trial speech was a speech that was written with the Freedom Charter in mind. He was prepared to die by choosing to make a speech instead of testifying. This led to his 27 years and eight months in prison instead of what was expected to be a death penalty sentence.As South Africa commemorates 63 years since the adoption of Freedom Charter, Channel Africa looks at how Mandela’s speech speaks to the concerns of the famous charter.

In freeing the world's cultures, language is of paramount importance. Over a long period of African history, African cultures have been trivialized over the western ones through languages, and thus colonizing the minds of many to believe that speaking in a foreign language emancipates oneself from mental slavery. The opposite could be argued as the truth! Was Africa short changed? What is the future of Africa when almost seventy percent of its population is made up of youth?

The role of museums in serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public in conserving their history and cultures. By collecting artefacts and other objects of artistic, cultural and historic importance, the general public has been able to trace their cultures, let alone their history and that of others. In a two part series, we visit South African museums that portray the triumph of the human spirit through the journey of the liberation of the majority in South Africa.How have the museums in your country told the stories of the past?

As South Africa and the world celebrate Nelson Mandela ‘s centenary , Channel Africa brings you a special broadcast of the celebration as we hear South Africa’s President, Cyril Ramaphosa presenting the Mandela Centenary speech at the Annual African Renaissance conference in Durban , South Africa.How is your country going through its rebirth?

As Africa celebrates the 55th anniversary since its inception, Channel Africa looks at whether the continent is on track towards a ‘decolonised continental’ agenda. The African continent is full of creative people and cultures. It is these cultures that make the continent peculiar. The ‘decolonisation of the spirit’ required conceited efforts towards a united continent.The Africa We Want by 2063 can only be achieved when each and every individual understands and makes a contribution towards the agenda. What is your contribution towards the Africa we want?

The Tree Has Fallen Part 2 is a celebration of a woman, who was born to serve her people at a time when South Africa was going through apartheid- which is termed as one of the gross human rights violation-Winnie Mandela. This was when the majority of the people in South Africa were separated, segregated and even downgraded in all aspects of life from the white minority. Did Winnie Mandela live a life an ordinary person would have wished to live? The Nelson Mandela Foundation conducted a memorial service for Winnie Mandela.How does your country remember Winnie Mandela?

Tree Has Fallen Part 1 are the thoughts and the challenges of a woman, who was born to serve her people at a time when South Africa was going through apartheid- which is termed as one of the gross human rights violation? This was when the majority of the people in South Africa were separated, segregated and even downgraded in all aspects of life from the white minority. Did Winnie Mandela live a life an ordinary person would have wished to live? How does your country remember Winnie Mandela?

As the world celebrate the centenary of one of the world’s icons Nelson Mandela, a lot is coming out in terms of his contribution to the world narratives around land. Did the arrival of the new dispensation in South Africa the beginning of another fight for freedom? What has been Mandela’s impact on the freedom to fight freedom in South Africa? What was the contribution of your leaders to the freedoms you have attained in your country?

The incident at Sharpeville, on 21st March, 1960 in South Africa, was one of the watershed moments in the South African body politik. Just immediately after the Sharpeville massacre, all political parties, including the African National Congress, were banned. It was at this point in the history of the struggle for the freedom of the majority in South Africa, that families were separated.

The events of 21st March, 1960 at Sharpeville in South Africa changed the politics of the country. It was an incident that shaped the current narratives around human rights in South Africa. Human Rights Day in South Africa is celebrated, among the many inhumane instances that took place during the apartheid period, to commemorate the Sharpeville massacre that happened in a township situated between two large industrial cities of Vanderbijlpark and Vereeniging in the southern part of Gauteng in South Africa.How did the incident change the political dynamics of South Africa?

The world experiences deaths of great musicians once in a while, but does the music of the fallen giants die with them? In the past few years Africa has experienced the death of great musicians such as Mowezie Radio in Uganda, Lundi Tyamara, Lorraine Klassen and Hugh Masekela from South Africa. In the Giant Has Fallen, we hear how friends and relatives remember Hugh Masekela; a South African and world renowned trumpeter, whose life was cut short due to prostate cancer. Which musician has fallen from your part of the world?

The year 2018 will mark a major milestone in the incredible story of Nelson Mandela – his centenary. The Nelson Mandela 100 centenary programme represents the focal point of the Nelson Mandela Foundation's strategy to elevate the legacy and memory of the founder of the Foundation.The NM100 programme has been crafted to provide the greatest opportunity for South Africa and the world to remember not just the man, but his legacy.

The world release of Black Panther, a world acclaimed movie, coming during the commemoration month of Black History worldwide, is a testimony of the importance of celebrating Blackness across the world. We explore the need for Africa to celebrate its Blackness in this week’s programme, where we speak to cultural commentators from South Africa and USA, including interviews with South African cast in the movie.

The world experiences deaths of great musicians once in a while, but does the music of the fallen giants die with them? In the past few years Africa has experienced the death of great musicians such as Mowezie Radio in Uganda, Lundi Tyamara, Lorraine Klassen and Hugh Masekela from South Africa. In the Giant Has Fallen we hear how friends and relatives remember Hugh Masekela; a South African and world renowned trumpeter whose life was cut short due to prostate cancer. Which musician has fallen from your part of the world?

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s and the world’s icon was born on 18th July, 1918 and 2018 marks the centenary since his birth.To celebrate this centenary of the world’s renowned statesman, Channel Africa will celebrate with the world through monthly episodes of Mandela 100. As the opening of this celebration we begin with the launch of the centenary conducted by the Nelson Mandela Foundation.The Nelson Mandela Foundation is a non-profit organisation focused on memory, dialogue and legacy work, founded by Nelson Mandela in 1999. They are the custodian of Nelson Mandela’s life and times and a committed facilitator of his living legacy which was mandated to promote his lifelong vision of freedom and equality for all.. How are you celebrating Nelson Mandela in your country and community?

Chris Hani, a struggle icon in South Africa, was one of the feared individual by the apartheid regime at the height of the arms struggle in South Africa. He went into exile and joined the MK (Mkhonto We Sizwe- the military wing of ANC in exile) and became the Chief-of Staff. The Wankie Sipolilo Campaign was, arguably, another way of the trained MK soldiers to find a way of infiltrating the enemy –the South Africa forces. This was the first series of contacts between a combined MK/ZIPRA (Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army) unit armed.In the program we hear about a legend of South African freedom struggle

Generally, a patriotic music composition that evokes the history, traditions and struggles of its people national anthems also is recognized either by a country’s government as the official national song. It is like a prayer or hymn in religious ceremonies. As Africa celebrates Africa Day, how are national anthems regarded in different countries of the continent?In the program we hear about what national anthems are and what they represent.

Freedom in many African countries did not come on a silver platter. Today many countries in Africa, including South Africa, went through a lot of political struggles, which, in most cases, resulted in loss of lives. The ruling regimes could not spare any revolt exercised by nationalists of the day. South Africa’s struggles in particular, emanated from racial tensions impinged upon by the apartheid regime and encouraged by a strong belief in its military prowess. A lot of people especially the ‘young lions and lionesses’ from the infamous June went into exile. In the program we hear about life in ‘exile’. What was exile in South Africa?

The role of museums in serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public in conserving their history and cultures. By collecting artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural and historic importance, the general public has been able to trace their cultures, let alone their history and that of others.In part 2, we visit South Africa’s Constitutional Hill, a site of a fort, which was later used as a prison and presently serving as a Constitutional Court- symbolising the triumph of the human spirit through the journey of the liberation of the majority in South Africa. How have the museums in your country told the stories of the past?

The role of museums in serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public in conserving their history and cultures. By collecting artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural and historic importance, the general public has been able to trace their cultures, let alone their history and that of others.In a two part series, we visit South African museums that portray the triumph of the human spirit through the journey of the liberation of the majority in South Africa. How have the museums in your country told the stories of the past?

As the struggle for the liberation of the majority in South Africa continued, it all rested on Oliver Tambo’s shoulders, as the ANC leader in exile, to take his people to freedom. He struggled tirelessly to achieve his goals including the drafting of the Harare Declaration.Did he live to see that freedom?We hear of Oliver Tambo as a human being of a particular calibre, who was able to lead the majority in times of difficulties and managed, against all odds, to win trust of many a detractor; those who believed the South African struggle for freedom was an unjust!

The history of South Africa can never be told in isolation of Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo’s contributions to the emancipation of the majority in the country. As South Africa and the world celebrate a centenary, since the birth of this political giant in South Africa, Channel Africa brings you a special episode to celebrate his birth and his selfless contribution to freedom in the country.In OR- The Modern Biblical Moses?, we take you on a selfless life cycle of a man, who like Moses of the old led his people towards the PROMISED LAND, but did not live to celebrate his efforts.

The history of South Africa can never be told in isolation of Oliver Reginald Kaizana Tambo’s contributions to the emancipation of the majority in the country. As South Africa and the world celebrate a centenary, since the birth of this political giant in South Africa, Channel Africa brings you a special episode to celebrate his birth and his selfless contribution to freedom in the country.In OR- The Modern Biblical Moses?, we take you on a selfless life cycle of a man, who like Moses of the old led his people towards the PROMISED LAND, but did not live to celebrate his efforts. In Part 1 of this programme we hear about Oliver Tambo’s early years including his education.

The identity of any country is defined by its cultures.As South Africa concludes Heritage Month, the country has been celebrating its different cultures through story telling talents, traditional dances, dialogues, but most of all sharing its peoples’ collective identity.Together, South Africans have, arguably, tried to create an identity that has been referred to as Brand South Africa over the years of the celebrations.Has South Africa and the rest of the continent preserved their Cultural Heritage?

While South Africa commemorates Heritage Month in the month of September, 24th September is Heritage Day.The origin of Heritage Day, in particular, goes back to the times the Zulus in South Africa celebrated Shaka Zulu, the legendary Zulu king, who played an important role in uniting Zulu clans. Each year people would gather at king Shaka’s grave to honour him on this day.It was until 1995 that it was argued in the South African Parliament to change this day to a national heritage day in-order to accommodate everybody in the country. From then to date, South Africans celebrate Heritage Day by remembering the cultural heritage of the many cultures that make up the population of South Africa.

The People’s Summit is a gathering of Civil Society groupings from the SADC member countries, where they discuss challenges their countries are facing on the sidelines of the annual SADC Heads of States meeting.Meeting at the Constitutional Hill in Johannesburg South Africa was ecstatic to many of the attendees to this years’ Peoples Summit. Constitutional Hill is a living museum that tells the story of South Africa’s journey to democracy. The site is a former prison and military fort that bears testament to South Africa’s turbulent past and today a home to South Africa’s Constitutional Court.

The women’s march of 09th August, 1956 in South Africa, changed the regime’s perspective of women in the country.A mass of women descended on South Africa’s seat of government in Pretoria to voice their concerns, about repressive laws existing in the country, to the then Prime Minister Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom. Though he wasn’t there on the day to receive the petition from almost 20,000 women, a clear message about the power of women was made!One of the four leaders of the march was Sophia Williams de Bryn.

Apartheid in South Africa expanded as far as South West Africa, where the nationalists opposed the South African government and pushed the agenda of self- rule. Herman Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo was one of the South West Africans, who sacrificed his youth to be incarcerated on Robben Island, with people like Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, Walter Sisulu, Mac Maharaj and many others, to fight against the apartheid government. These are Africans who remained defiant to oppose the inhumanity of apartheid.Andimba stood out to oppose the legality of the South African government in suppressing the freedoms of the people of South West African, and using similar ways of punishing such oppositions. Like Mandela and others on Robben Island, Toivo Ya Toivo was enticed to renounce his position of the liberation of his people. How does Africa remember freedom struggle icons, such as, Herman Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo? Who are you celebrating as a freedom struggle hero in your country?

The person’s clan or family name, in an Africa context, represents a person's ancestry. The meaning is deeper than a surname and in most cases used as a sign of respect and affection. Madiba is the name used to call Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first democratically elected president. The origin of the name allegedly comes from a chief who ruled in the 18th century, in South Africa. The name became famous after the death of this African and world icon. In November 2009, the UN General Assembly declared 18 July "Nelson Mandela International Day" in recognition of the former South African President’s contribution to the culture of peace and freedom.How did your country celebrate this great man?

As South Africa and the World celebrate Nelson Mandela Month, South Africa has a reason for a double celebration of two great leaders in Oliver Tambo and Mandela himself.While it is a centenary celebration for the birth of Oliver Reginald Tambo, the leader of the African National Congress in exile, and one that led the freedom struggle, the month of July brings similar birthday celebrations of one other leader - Nelson Mandela. What do the memories of these two African leaders bring to those that worked with them during those years of struggle for the emancipation of the majority in South Africa?

As South Africa and the world commemorates Mandela month, his life exemplifies a life of purpose, resilience and forward looking of a human being; one that embodies a triumph of human spirit.How can Mandela’s story challenge the youth of today?

The events of June 16, 1976 in South Africa, affected the youth and their future. Most youth in South Africa went into exile, while others battled on inside the country. According to the South African Statistician General, the country is, however, in the midst of challenging times. In the last of the special episodes commemorating Youth Month in South Africa, we look at the rights of youth. Can rights sometimes be misunderstood?What are the youth’s challenges in your country?

The events of June 16, 1976 in South Africa, affected the youth and their future. Most youth in South Africa went into exile, while others battled on inside the country. According to the South African Statistician General, the country is, however, in the midst of challenging times. The challenges that are facing the South African youth could lead to far‐reaching, over‐arching socio‐economic consequences for young people; putting them at a higher risk of falling into poverty, criminal behaviour, ill health and drug use. Young people aged 15-24 remain vulnerable in the labour market, with an unemployment rate of over 54%. The numbers also showed that the less educated are more likely to be unemployed than those with a higher level of education; and that the agriculture sector recorded the highest employment losses quarter on quarter, losing 44 000 jobs. Over the period of a full year, only 6 000 jobs were added. What are the youth’s challenges in your country?

In freeing the world's cultures, language is of paramount importance. Over a long period of African history, African cultures have been trivialized over the western ones through languages, and thus colonizing the minds of many to believe that speaking in a foreign language emancipates oneself from mental slavery.The opposite could be argued as the truth!Was Africa short changed?What is the future of Africa when almost seventy percent of its population is made up of youth?

May is Africa Month.What does this mean to the African freedoms?Freedom in many African countries did not come on a silver platter. Today many countries in Africa, including South Africa, went through a lot of political struggles, which, in most cases, resulted in loss of lives. The ruling regimes could not spare any revolt exercised by nationalists of the day. South Africa’s struggles in particular, emanated from racial tensions impinged upon by the apartheid regime and encouraged by a strong belief in its military prowess. A lot of people especially the ‘young lions and lionesses’ from the infamous June 16 student uprising went into exile.

“If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language…….that goes to his heart”-Nelson MandelaAfrica celebrates Africa month in May. As part of the celebrations, African dance takes centre stage. It is tipped in its history and heritage. Over the years African traditional music and dance have been performed at different occasions, with different meanings, and its development confusing at times.Are traditional dances dying in a continent which is believed to appreciate more of other cultures than theirs? How are you celebrating Africa month in your country.

Generally, a patriotic music composition that evokes the history, traditions and struggles of its people national anthems also is recognized either by a country’s government as the official national song. It is like a prayer or hymn in religious ceremonies.As Africa celebrates Africa Day, how are national anthems regarded in different countries of the continent?

Freedom in many African countries did not come on a silver platter. Today many countries in Africa, including South Africa, went through a lot of political struggles, which, in most cases, resulted in loss of lives. The ruling regimes could not spare any revolt exercised by nationalists of the day. South Africa’s struggles in particular, emanated from racial tensions impinged upon by the apartheid regime and encouraged by a strong belief in its military prowess. A lot of people especially the ‘young lions and lionesses’ from the infamous June 16 student uprising went into exile.

Chris Hani, a struggle icon in South Africa, was one of the feared individual by the apartheid regime at the height of the arms struggle in South Africa. He went into exile and joined the MK (Mkhonto We Sizwe- the military wing of ANC in exile) and became the Chief-of Staff. The Wankie Sipolilo Campaign was, arguably, another way of the trained MK soldiers to find a way of infiltrating the enemy –the South Africa forces. This was the first series of contacts between a combined MK/ZIPRA (Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army) unit armed with modern weapons, and the joint security forces of Rhodesia. Who was Chris Hani?

Young South Africans left the country to join the likes of Oliver Tambo in exile for the liberation of South Africa. Today South Africa and the rest of the continent are free from apartheid and colonialism because of the sacrifice of other people.South Africa commemorates the centenary since the birth of Olive Reginald Tambo, one of the liberators of our time- a leader of note that led the freedom of South African struggle stalwarts who came back to South Africa be part of building South Africa in their respective careers.

South Africa and the world commemorate the thirty eighth year since the death of one of South Africa’s political struggle icon Solomon Mahlangu. What really happened on that day when Solomon Mahlangu was captured together with his colleagues in Johannesburg? There is only one surviving member of the brave young men who lives to tell the story. We hear from George Lucky Mahlangu, who is the only survivor of that dreadful day.

As South Africa and the world celebrate the life of Ahmed Kathrada, a South African struggle stalwart and one of the eight Rivonia Trialists who was incarcerated on Robben Island together with Nelson Mandela, Channel Africa brings you an exclusive interview with this son of the soil. How did ‘Uncle Kathy’ begin his political life and how did he get involved with the Rivonia Trial?

The events of 21st March 1960, in South Africa changed the political landscape of the country and many others in the Sub Saharan Africa.As South Africa commemorates Human Rights Day, in memory of the tragic events that happened when the apartheid government responded heavy handedly to a protest by Black people, who were against a certain law that prohibited people to enter certain areas with identification, we look at the result of such protests in the entire continent.

In ‘Celebrating A Legend Part 2”, we hear how Thandi’s life has been celebrated by those that knew him, including her own daughter, Lorraine Klaasen. How did Thandi Klaasen defy a personal tragedy to become one of the greatest exports in the music industry in the continent and beyond? Will her death erase the memories of this great daughter of the soil? Has Africa done enough to honour her legends?“When you go through tragedy you can either let that destroy you and you become bitter and never let it go , or you can let it male you stronger and let it make you grow…”- Evanescence-

The struggle for the emancipation of the majority in South Africa will be told in different ways and while some stories are documented, many others will never be told, as many comrades have not lived long enough to tell those stories. The Past Untold –speaks of the untold tale of an MK soldier, George Molebantsi (late) the only survivor from the group of five, involved in the Silverton Siege plot that saw twenty five people held hostage with two civilians on the spot.

Thandiwe “Thandie” Klassen born in 1931 in Johannesburg , South Africa died at the age of 86. From a modest family of the Mpambanes, Thandi grew up in Sophiatown a well-known township of that time. She went to a nearby St Cyprian School. The Sophia town of her time was multi-racial although composed of, mainly, black. It was later to be turned into an all-white suburb and non- whites were forcibly removed and relocated somewhere.In ‘Celebrating A Legend’, we celebrate the life of a South African musical legend, who defied a personal tragedy to become one of the greatest exports in the music industry in the continent and beyond. Will her death erase the memories of this great daughter of the soil? Has Africa done enough to honour her legends?

They say: the future can never be understood without looking back to the past. This can be true in the context of the future of Africa. Have the stories of the struggles of African political struggles been adequately told? How will the future of the continent be better understood when stories of how the freedom of many countries are not told?

In the Face of A Culture Part 2, we hear about ‘The Reed Dance’ of Swaziland. This is a cultural festival of true Swazi tradition performed by young childless and unmarried girls. The dance was developed out of the old ‘umcwasho’ custom where young girls were placed in female age-regiment. The reed dance in Swaziland is strategically organized for tourism. It is during this time when tourists flock into the country, bringing in the necessary income to tour operators and the country at large. Each reed dancer is clad in colourful attire.What do each component of the dance attire symbolize in a Swazi Reed Dance?

The Sharpeville Massacre of 21 March 1960 was an event which occurred at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). After a day of demonstrations against the Pass laws, a crowd of about 5,000 to 7,000 black African protesters went to the police station. Today, the day is commemorated as human rights day in South Africa. As racial tensions rise in most places in South Africa, could it be the right time to address the differences in races?

In “Channel Africa @50 Part 2”, as Channel Africa celebrated a jubilee, we feature Boston Kaleja Kaunda, a Kiswahili speaking voice of Radio RSA (which, later, was to be called Channel Africa). At the comfort of his retirement home, Kaleja speaks about the role of international radio during the apartheid era in South Africa; how he was recruited from his country of birth and ended up interviewed in his ancestral home country by default.How do you remember Radio RSA in your area?

2016 was a jubilee year for Channel Africa. Previously known as Radio RSA, Channel Africa turns 50 years this year. In Channel Africa @50, we brought you people’s experiences, including anecdotes of former listeners and employees of both Radio RSA and Channel Africa. Piet Vaulks, a former manager at Radio RSA, talks about the early days and the general perceptions about the radio station.What do you remember about Radio RSA which later became Channel Africa?

The Reed Dance in Swaziland is a cultural festival of true Swazi tradition performed by young childless and unmarried girls. The dance was developed out of the old ‘umcwasho’ custom where young girls were placed in female age-regiment. The royal family appoints a ‘commoner’ maiden to be the ‘Captain’ of the girls- to lead out in the dance and she is the one that announces over the radio the dates of the ceremony. She is usually an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol.Has this culture stood the taste of time?

Cultural villages in Africa have brought about a one-stop concept of trying to understand the different cultures of the continent. As diverse as the African cultures are, cultural villages have provided a commercial platform of African cultures to the foreign tourists. Is visiting cultural villages enough for foreign tourists to know the different cultures in the continent? What lessons do tourists draw from cultural villages?

The Reed Dance in Swaziland is a cultural festival of true Swazi tradition performed by young childless and unmarried girls. The dance was developed out of the old ‘umcwasho’ custom where young girls were placed in female age-regiment.The reed dance in Swaziland is strategically organized for tourism. It is during this time when tourists flock into the country, bringing in the necessary income to tour operators and the country at large.Each reed dancer is clad in colourful attire.What do each component of the dance attire symbolize in a Swazi Reed Dance?

The Reed Dance in Swaziland is a cultural festival of true Swazi tradition performed by young childless and unmarried girls. The dance was developed out of the old ‘umcwasho’ custom where young girls were placed in female age-regiment.The royal family appoints a ‘commoner’ maiden to be the ‘Captain’ of the girls- to lead out in the dance and she is the one that announces over the radio the dates of the ceremony. She is usually an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol.Has this culture stood the taste of time?

Languages define a particular culture.Around a hundred of the languages of Africa are widely used for inter-ethnic communication. These in essence describe cultural differentiation's amongst people including kinships. While some languages are slowly dying out, in recent years it has been increasingly clear about the value of African linguistic values.

Different versions have been established of how the late Mozambican president, Samora Machel, and 34 government officials, lost their lives on that fateful evening of 19th October 2016. After the Commission of Inquiry in 1987, a Truth and Reconciliation Commission that followed did not yield any new revelations.Is there any new evidence that the world ought to know about the death of Samora Machel? What does the Samora Machel Monument at Mbuzini in South Africa represent today as part of the African heritage?

Different versions have been established of how the late Mozambican president, Samora Machel, and 34 government officials, lost their lives on that fateful evening of 19th October 2016.President Machel died in a so-called mysterious plane crash when he and his delegation were coming from a front line states’ meeting in Zambia. His presidential aircraft crashed in a mountainous terrain of Mbuzini, where the borders of Mozambique, Swaziland and South Africa converge. Will the truth ever be known?

The 30th commemoration of the plane crash in which the late Mozambican president Samora Machel and 34 government officials died, has been a three decade talking point for the region’s politics. The late President of Mozambique and 34 people died in a mysterious plane crash on 19 October 1986. His presidential aircraft crashed in mountainous terrain where the borders of Mozambique, Swaziland and South Africa converge. The crash site at Mbuzini has been developed into a museum documenting the lives of the victims and has been declared a national heritage site.Should you like to comment on this program, email your comments to :[email protected] twit us : @ourheritage_This programme is also broadcast on DSTV audio bouquet #802

African intangible cultural heritage such as traditional healing, witchcraft and other related matters have been dismissed, sometimes, as primitive. While some of these can be classified as indigenous knowledge, it can also be argued that other unscrupulous people have taken advantage of lapses in legislation in many African countries. We talk to several people including a traditional healer of note from South Africa to give an insight on traditional healing and African medicine.Will African medicine ever be recognized in a world where conventional medicine seems to have taken recognition than the former?

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

South Africa celebrates its Heritage month in September. To celebrate the month Channel Africa joins in the celebration by looking at Cultural Heritage. What it is and how it can advance the development of tourism in a country?We visit a one-stop cultural destination- Kruger Cultural Village in Mpumalanga Province of the country. This is a place where South African cultural heritage is celebrated while enriching the travel experience for the visitor by broadening their knowledge and understanding.

Cultural villages in Africa have brought about a one-stop concept of trying to understand the different cultures of the continent. As diverse as the African cultures are, cultural villages have provided a commercial platform of African cultures to the foreign tourists. Is visiting cultural villages enough for foreign tourists to know the different cultures in the continent?What lessons do tourists draw from cultural villages?

Harmful Cultural Practice 2African cultural practices are varied and consisting of a mixture of tribes that each have their own unique characteristics. African culture is expressed in its arts and crafts, folklore and religion, clothing, cuisine, music and languages. In single country many cultures can be discovered. Within these cultures are practices that sometimes can be regarded as being violent. Harmful traditional practices are forms of violence which have been committed, primarily, against women and girls in certain communities and societies, for so long that they are considered, or presented by perpetrators, as part of accepted cultural practice. When does a cultural practice become harmful?

August is women’s month in South Africa. It is this month in 1956, when brave women organized a march to the apartheid capital city of Pretoria, in South Africa. The women had started a fight against the many oppressions suffered for being a woman in society! What has changed since then in the continent? The argument surrounding the oppression of women in society, range from human rights to social issues, that now need to be addressed. In commemoration of Women’s Month in South Africa, we look at issues facing women in Africa. Star episode 25 min

The 1956 womens’ march to the helm of power in South Africa- the Union Buildings was a climax of womens’ frustration over inequality in South Africa. As far back as 1800, womens’ role in the struggle for emancipation in South Africa was not highly popularized as was in the 1900s, when women’s voices started being heard.

August is women’s month in South Africa. It is this month in 1956, when brave women organized a march to the apartheid capital city of Pretoria, in South Africa. The women had started a fight against the many oppressions suffered for being a woman in society! What has changed since then in the continent?The argument surrounding the oppression of women in society, range from human rights to social issues, that now need to be addressed. In commemoration of Women’s Month in South Africa, we look at issues facing women in Africa.

In This Day in the Jubilee, Channel Africa features Boston Kaleja Kaunda, a Kiswahili speaking voice of Radio RSA (which, later, was to be called Channel Africa). At the comfort of his retirement home, Kaleja speaks about the role of international radio during the apartheid era in South Africa; how he was recruited from his country of birth and ended up interviewed in his ancestral home country by default.How do you remember Radio RSA in your area?

In This Day in the Jubilee, Channel Africa features Boston Kaleja Kaunda, a Kiswahili speaking voice of Radio RSA (which, later, was to be called Channel Africa). At the comfort of his retirement home, Kaleja speaks about the role of international radio during the apartheid era in South Africa; how he was recruited from his country of birth and ended up interviewed in his ancestral home country by default.How do you remember Radio RSA in your area?

As South Africa and the world celebrates the whole month of July as Mandela Month, Channel Africa Commemorates the day with visits to different places in Johannesburg as part of the 67 Minutes of Love – a Nelson Mandela birthday initiative.

As South Africa and the world celebrates the whole month of July as Mandela Month, Channel Africa Commemorates the day with visits to different places in Johannesburg as part of the 67 Minutes of Love – Nelson Mandela birthday initiative.

The history of South Africa in the 1900s was dominated by the British and Dutch politics. As early as 1909, the South African Act brought all colonies and republics together as a Union of South Africa. Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal and Orange Free State remained in the British Colony, but ruled by Afrikaners. Blacks were not involved in the politics of those days! As South Africa celebrates the whole month of July as Mandela Month, Channel Africa looks at the life of an icon, who was a symbol of the struggle for the emancipation of the black people in South Africa.

As South Africa concludes the 40th year commemoration of the events of June 16, 1976 and its effects, many people are arguing about how best the day can be commemorated annually. What would Youth Month celebrations in South Africa be translated to, at the height of youth unemployment in the country? Channel Africa talks to surviving members of the June 16, 1976 uprising in Soweto, who contributed to the political dynamics of South Africa. What lessons can be learnt from other countries in the continent, in as far as youth empowerment is concerned? What type of Africa are we teaching our children to look forward to?

Memories of events of June 16, 1976 in South Africa, provide unprecedented historic soundscapes that put the country on the human rights map. From as early as 1948, when apartheid in South Africa was institutionalized, the events that erupted eighteen years later changed the landscape of the freedom struggle. The pictures of June 16 1976, including Sam Nzima’s famous capture of a limp body of a young Hector Pietersen, being carried by Tsietsi Mashinini made the world to be aware of ‘unfeatured’ veiled activities of the apartheid South Africa. It was this day when world newspapers carried headline news about the political instability of the country.

The events of June 16, 1976 affected the youth and their future. Most went into exile while others battled on inside the country. As South Africa commemorates 40 years since the events of 1976, the youth still have challenges. Youth in South now contributes around 36% to the total population. According to the South African Statistician General, the country is, however, in the midst of challenging times. Quality of education is another challenge as highlighted in the 2015 Statistics report in South Africa. What is the state of youth in your country?

Apartheid in South Africa was a political and social system used by the white South African regime, from 1948 to 1994. As a minority group at the time, the South African whites used their political advantage over the majority. Racial segregation that took place then, had been used for centuries, but the new policy started in 1948. The youth’s visits to this historic institution, teaches the heritage of nation and assists the building of social cohesion. Led by a woman curator and assisted by her women colleagues, the Apartheid Museum tells an ‘unfinished story’ of South Africa. PRESENTED BY : SYDNEY KATUNGA PHIRIVOICES : Emelia Potenza- Curator of Exhibitions and Education Jackie Masiza- Archivist and Picture ResearcherDoreen Mazibuko Moyo, Education Content Producer. Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd- Former Prime Minister –South Africa

What would Africa Day mean to young people in the continent? How do we teach our children about the unity of Africa, and what type of a Continent these young people want to have?What are we teaching our children about a continent that we all love but fight for? In this program we celebrate Africa Day with seven young people from Sheik Anta Diop School in Johannesburg South Africa.What type of Africa are we teaching our children to look forward to?

As the continent commemorates another Africa Month and of course, coinciding with 50 years of the international radio service through the existence of Channel Africa, which was previously known as Radio RSA, Our Heritage brings you a debate organized by South Africa’s Department of Arts And Culture. Titled Festival of Ideas, the debate looks at the role of media in achieving the Africa vision of a better continent. Moderated by a veteran South African journalist- Tim Modise, join me as we welcome Professor Sipho Seepe, a South African Social and political commentator who will later be joined by Jovial Rantao, a South African journalist with one of the biggest newspapers in the continent- The African Independent and other journalists of note: Mary Papayya, Richard Nwamba. How have African stories been reported over the years?

As the continent commemorates another Africa Month and of course, coinciding with 50 years of the international radio service through the existence of Channel Africa, which was previously known as Radio RSA, Our Heritage brings you a debate organized by South Africa’s Department of Arts And Culture. Titled Festival of Ideas, the debate looks at the role of media in achieving the Africa vision of a better continent! Moderated by a veteran South African journalist- Tim Modise, join me as we welcome Professor Sipho Seepe, a South African Social and political commentator who will later be joined by Jovial Rantao, a South African journalist with one of the biggest newspapers in the continent- The African Independent and other journalists of note: Mary Papayya, Richard Nwamba. How have African stories been reported over the years?

2016 is a jubilee year for Channel Africa. Previously known as Radio RSA, Channel Africa turns 50 years this year. In Channel Africa @50, we bring you people’s experiences, including anecdotes of former listeners and employees of both Radio RSA and Channel Africa. Piet Vaulks, a former manager at Radio RSA, talks about the early days and the general perceptions about the radio station.

The sound of a boekmakirie, a familiar bird of Southern Africa, on radio, especially on the short wave bands into the southern parts of Africa, with spill overs to the rest of the continent and other parts of the globe, has over the years, signalled the Radio RSA broadcasts. The bird itself is especially found in the Southern Africa especially in South Africa, parts of southern and western Namibia and south-western Angola. Zimbabwe and Mozambique have isolated population of boekemakiries. In ‘This Day In the Jubilee 3’ – a third episode in the special series of celebratory programmes within Our Heritage programme, we hear how a young man left Namibia to pursue a career that came through listening to Radio RSA in that country. Was he lured by propaganda?

April is Freedom Month in South Africa. Apart from celebrating the month as Heroes Month when the country commemorates the days when freedom heroes such as Oliver Tambo, Chris Hani, Solomon Mahlangu and many more lost their lives, the month hugely celebrates the dawn of freedom in South Africa. Did this freedom come on a silver plate? Well, many will argue that freedom in South Africa came at a cost!We hear how atrocities committed in the name of the freedom struggle in South Africa, could entirely be forgiven through a process of Truth and Reconciliation.

April is Freedom month in South Africa. Apart from being a freedom month, it is also a Heroes’ month. It is this month, apparently, when South Africa commemorates the birth or the death of a particular hero of the country’s struggle for freedom. The heroes range from Chris Hani to Solomon Mahlangu. Chris Hani was a freedom hero who rose to become the Chief of Staff of Umkhonto We Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, the ruling party in South Africa. He later became the General Secretary of the South African Communist Party. He was killed on 6th April 1993. Solomon ‘Kalushi’Mahlangu, was one of the many young men executed at the gallows in South Africa because of the freedom of South Africa. His story is also narrated through a film called ‘Kalushi’.

2016 is a jubilee year for Channel Africa. Previously known as Radio RSA, Channel Africa turns 50 years this year! As part of the celebrations, Our Heritage programme will produce a celebration edition every last week of the month, till the end of the year in December. In This Day In The Jubilee, we bring you people’s experiences, including anecdotes of former listeners and employees of both Radio RSA and Channel Africa. Hardus De Beers, a former manager at Radio RSA, talks about the early days and the general perceptions about the radio station.

Apartheid in South Africa was a political and social system used by the white South African regime, from 1948 to 1994. As a minority group at the time, the South African whites used their political advantage over the majority. Racial segregation that took place then, had been used for centuries, but the new policy started in 1948. A visit to this historic institution brings nostalgia. Led by a woman curator and assisted by her women colleagues, the Apartheid Museum tells an ‘unfinished story’ of South Africa. How does your country narrate the past?

The Sharpeville Massacre of 21 March 1960 was an event which occurred at the police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal (today part of Gauteng). After a day of demonstrations against the Pass laws, a crowd of about 5,000 to 7,000 black African protesters went to the police station.Today, the day is commemorated as human rights day in South AfricaAs racial tensions rise in most places in South Africa, could it be the right time to address the differences in races?

March is international Womens’ month. This year the theme is Planet 50-50 by 2030: Step it Up for Gender Equality. The reflection by the United Nations as a global body will be to accelerate the 2030 agenda of building a momentum for the effective implementation of the new Sustainable Development goals. The culture, evolution and history of African women are related to the evolution and history of the African continent itself. From Cape to Cairo African women are striving for gender equality from previously male dominated society. Jobs which were previously done by men are, now done by women. We look at the involvement of African women and their roles in Heritage. What are the women in your region doing about Heritage?

2016 is a jubilee year for Channel Africa. Previously known as Radio RSA, Channel Africa turns 50 years this year! As part of the celebrations, Our Heritage programme will produce a celebration edition every last week of the month, till the end of the year in December. In This Day In The Jubilee, we bring you people’s experiences, including anecdotes of former listeners and employees of both Radio RSA and Channel Africa. Piet Vaulks, a former manager at Radio RSA, talks about what the radio station stood for in those early days.

The expansion of Black History Week to Black History month was first proposed by leaders of the Black United Students at Kent state University in USA in February 1969. Coming closer home - the African continent, why should Africans celebrate Black History month. In ‘Chatting Black History Month’ we chat to the Director of Public Affairs at United States Consulate in South Africa Jared Yancey and Baba Buntu, a social entrepreneur from South Africa’s Ebokhusini Solutions, a cultural consultancy group specializing in leadership training, social transformation, cultural events and African centred education.What is the importance of celebrating Black History Month?(To contact Ebokhusini Solutions: [email protected])

The release from prison of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners, including the unbanning of political parties, ushered in freedom for the majority in South Africa. This is a majority that was previously disadvantaged for a period close to four hundred years. As a preferred choice to lead the masses, Nelson Mandela became the symbol of the struggle for freedom in South Africa, and his release became the epitome of what was called the New South Africa.

The announcement of Nelson Mandela’s release from a 27 years’ incarceration in prison ushered in an era of freedom in South Africa. Apartheid president Fredrick de Klerk made the much- anticipated but sudden announcement in the country’s parliament on 02nd February 1990. Regarded as the most dangerous of all freedom fighters by the apartheid regime, Nelson Mandela became a symbol of the struggle for freedom in South Africa. In a two part series of Nelson Mandela My Legend, we look at the journey to freedom of some of the South African freedom fighters, including Nelson Mandela.

The debates surrounding people’s origins have cast different understandings, including criticisms about world religions. Recent discoveries of Homo Naledi at Sterkfontein Caves, a world heritage site in South Africa, have even worsened such debates. South African Kara Heritage‘s Mathole Motshega, a veteran politician-cum social commentator, founder and patron of the centre Kara Heritage in South Africa. takes the debate further.

Imagine 26th June 1955 in Kliptown, Soweto, South Africa……………… Re-enacting the scene and atmosphere of the Congress of the People in 1955 and the interpretation of the meaning of the Freedom Charter in modern-day South Africa gives a reflection and expression of the day; which up to this day remains a blue print of the South African constitution. Bridging Ages is an international organisation focusing on the use of local heritage for the benefit of local communities. The Time Travel concept was developed by Kalmar County Museum in Sweden and is promoted by Bridging Ages organisation to connect and confront challenges of today and engage audiences to shape their future. Does it talk to the freedoms of the continent? What relevance does it have in the continent?

Nat Ndazana Nakasa, a South African journalist and writer at the height of South Africa’s repressive era leaves an exemplary tradition of transformative journalism which needs to be harnessed and preserved in the continent. In the 3rd and final episode of “What Killed Nat Nakasa”, Nat Nakasa’s fraternal peers contextualize a life of a man who used a medium of his choice to add value and ideals about society. Was his death a physiological death or a psychological death of a people? How many Nat Nakasas in Africa have not been celebrated?

They say: the future can never be understood without looking back to the past. This can be true in the context of the future of Africa. Have the stories of the struggles of african political struggles been adequately told? How will the future of the Continent be better understood when stories of how the freedom of many countries are not told?

NEPAD’s Gender Climate Change Agriculture Support Programme has provided a platform for women in agriculture to discuss increasing support for women farmers particularly in agribusiness activities, while strengthening inclusive growth, employment generation and sustainable livelihoods for African women producers and agribusiness entrepreneurs. It is these women who have used indigenous knowledge systems to preserve their products from generation to generation. But what has happened to their indigenous knowledge. Has it been protected? A trip to an exhibition reveals a lot!

Christmas is amongst us. The universal understanding of Christmas- (25th December) is that, it is a celebration of the birth of Christ, the Son of God. Though the day is celebrated, first and foremost, as a Christian festivity, there is a growing misunderstanding of what the exact Christmas Day is amongst the Christians themselves.What does the African Christmas Day mean? Is it an African tradition or was it another ‘import’ of other people’s tradition?

As we go for production of this program, world scientist and experts in climate change including civil society and world leaders are finalising agreements in Paris, France, where they seek to find solutions for the severe weather patterns that have caused a number of devastations, including hunger and disease, in the world. Delegates representing the Pan African Climate Alliance discussed the fate of Africa, just before the final text at the Paris, COP21 Conference. What is the fate of Africa at this Conference in all aspects of life including its culture and heritage?

While indigenous knowledge in Africa is associated with the continent’s cultural and ecological diversities, a lot of African people have not utilized the opportunities therein to solve specific developmental and environmental problems.Working in the value chains of their produce, and in most cases using indigenous knowledge, African women have challenges to protect their intellectual property.African women, especially smallholder farmers in the rural areas of most countries constitute 80 % of the agricultural production.Universities in the continent need to undertake the important task of changing the mindset of people in-order to achieve the rural development embodied within the indigenous knowledge systems. How does Africa celebrate its intellectual property?

NEPAD’s Gender Climate Change Agriculture Support Programme has provided a platform for women in agriculture to discuss increasing support for women farmers particularly in agribusiness activities, while strengthening inclusive growth, employment generation and sustainable livelihoods for African women producers and agribusiness entrepreneurs.It is these women who have used indigenous knowledge systems to preserve their products from generation to generation. But what has happened to their indigenous knowledge. Has it been protected? A trip to an exhibition reveals a lot!

Joseph Shabalala is a South African musical legend from a Grammy award winning group, Ladysmith Black Mambazo. He has travelled the width and breadth of the globe performing South African traditional music which has won the hearts of many. Despite the fact that the group comprises of Zulu speaking performers, the language used in the songs has not stopped the export of the South Africa musical heritage.Apart from being a well- travelled musician, Joseph Shabalala is a family man. He juggles between his tight travel and performance schedule with family. A visit to Joseph’s home in Kloof, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa reveals a lot!

Witchcraft …..does it exist? Can it be associated with traditional healing, or is it another African science? Channel Africa talks to experts on the studies of intangible cultural heritage such as traditional healing, witchcraft and other related matters. Will African medicine ever be recognized in a world, where conventional medicines seem to have taken more recognition than the former?How does Africa celebrate its intangible heritage?

Remembering those, who have parted from us, but yet, had lived and contributed immensely to our heritage, is vital for our future generations, let alone the writing of our history as a people.Mozambican President Samora Machel and Lucky Dube are two of Southern African individuals whose deaths have left a void in their respective contributions to society in the region. Samora Moises Machel was a Mozambican military commander and a symbol of the Mozambican independence who eventually became the President of Mozambique. Leading the country to freedom in 1975, he was later to be killed mysteriously when his presidential aircraft crashed in mountainous terrain at the boarders of Mozambique, Swaziland and South Africa.Samora Machel’s will be remembered by the region let alone the world.

Remembering those, who have parted from us, but yet, had lived and contributed immensely to our heritage, is vital for our future generations, let alone the writing of our history as a people.Lucky Dube and Mozambican President Samora Machel are two of Southern African individuals whose deaths have left a void in their respective contributions to society in the region. Lucky Dube is one of the few African musicians, who were more famous outside their countries of origin than they were internally. He became a household name in the music industry throughout the continent, only to be removed from by callous individuals. Lucky Dube was shot dead on 18th October 2007 in a suburb outside Johannesburg CBD, but remains in many people’s memories.

For time immemorial African people have been utilizing forests for a number of reasons such as shelter, health, food resources, and many other means of livelihoods.African forests have been vital to the livelihood of its people and need to be preserved. Proper policies in forestry management will translate to sustainable development of the forestry industry and a restored Africa’s heritage. How have forests played a role as part of the African heritage?

One of the Khoi people who gallantly fought against the colonial rulers, around the 1700s, was David Stuurman. He spent his life on Robben Island, South Africa, and becomes the only prisoner in the South African history that disappeared from prison on three occasions. As a Khoi, he fought for the emancipation of his people. The Khoi people were the pastoral people of Southern Africa. They had lived in Southern Africa since the 5th century AD. When European immigrants colonised the area after 1652, the Khoikhoi were practising extensive pastoral agriculture in the Cape region of South Africa with large herds of Nguni cattle.Is there history forgotten?

As South Africa commemorates Heritage Month and Day in September, Channel Africa looks at Indigenous Knowledge Systems and foods that have made the Rainbow cuisine for a rainbow nation. A typical meal for a typical black family is known as ‘pap’ – and this has its origins in South Africa’s ancestors’ culture too; this fluffy porridge made from maize meal (complete with a stew gravy) is staple food, and variants of it have always been. But even before colonialism came a-knocking with alternative palates, meat was the centre and basis of any South African meal.We visit Freedom Park in Pretoria- a 52 hectare precinct that was constructed to tell the South African diverse political and cultural history.

The Congo Basin is the second largest tropical forest ecosystem in the world with value for energy, food security and climate change mitigation, that benefits people and villages around it. Deforestation and forest degradation, mainly due to human activity, has put strain on forest resources and livelihoods dependent on forests.Africa will need conceited efforts to enhance a sustainable forest development plan, that seeks to achieve the ‘Africa we want’. Through the efforts of existing policy makers and platforms for discussion, the continent, still, has a potential to deal with existing challenges, such as the extinction of indigenous knowledge and the use of non- timber products, which for time immemorial, have had an impact on the livelihoods dependent on forests.

The mineral industry of Africa is one of the largest mineral industries in the world. Africa is the second biggest continent, with 30 million km² of land, which implies large quantities of resources. For many African countries, mineral exploration production constitute significant parts of their economies and remain key to their economic growth.But what has happened to the jewelry business? Have Africans taken advantage of the many opportunities in the jewelry industry?

Does witchcraft ever exist?Can it be associated with a religion , traditional healing, or just another African science? Will African medicine ever be recognized in a world where conventional cure seem to have taken more recognition than the former?

August is Women’s month in South Africa. This is in commemoration of the 1956 Women’s march to Pretoria, the seat of government during the apartheid regime in South Africa. The march was organised by women in protest of the pass laws instituted by the regime as a way of controlling the movements of black people in the country. To celebrate this feat, Channel Africa features prominent South African women, who took part in the struggle for freedom in South Africa including those who fought alongside their men-folk.What roles did women play in the fight for freedom in your country?

August is Women’s month in South Africa. This is in commemoration of the 1956 Women’s march to Pretoria, the seat of government during the apartheid regime in South Africa. The march was organised by women in protest of the pass laws instituted by the regime as a way of controlling the movements of black people in the country. To celebrate this feat, Channel Africa features prominent South African women, who took part in the struggle for freedom in South Africa including those who fought alongside their men-folk.What roles did women play in the fight for freedom in your country?

Nelson Mandela’s family and friends let alone South Africa and the world at large, will remember him for the sacrifice he made to personify the struggle of the South African majority against the apartheid regime. He led the fight against apartheid with extraordinary vigour and resilience. Nelson Mandela’s friends will forever tell his life stories and his outstanding contribution to the struggle of the previously disadvantaged South Africans. How did you remember Nelson Mandela in July?

Nelson Mandela personified the struggle of the South African majority against the apartheid regime. He led the fight against apartheid with extraordinary vigour and resilience. Friends and prison mates will forever tell Nelson Mandela’s life and his outstanding contribution to the struggle of the previously disadvantaged South Africans. How will the world remember Nelson Mandela?

Born to a chief councillor to an acting paramount chief of the Thembus in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa, Rolihlahla Mandela, who was later to be named ‘Nelson’ by his teacher at school, became patriotic to the cause of freedom in South Africa. Nelson Mandela personified the struggle of the South African majority against the apartheid regime. He led the fight against apartheid with extraordinary vigour and resilience. How will the world remember Nelson Mandela?

Imagine 26th June 1955 in Kliptown, Soweto, South Africa……………… Re-enacting the scene and atmosphere of the Congress of the People in 1955 and the interpretation of the meaning of the Freedom Charter in modern-day South Africa gives a reflection and expression of the day; which up to this day remains a blue print of the South African constitution.Bridging Ages is an international organisation focusing on the use of local heritage for the benefit of local communities. The Time Travel concept was developed by Kalmar County Museum in Sweden and is promoted by Bridging Ages organisation to connect and confront challenges of today and engage audiences to shape their future. Does it talk to the freedoms of the continent? What relevance does it have in the continent?

The current South African Constitution can, arguably be said to have been drafted way back in 1955, when a gathering of people affected by the atrocities of the apartheid regime in South Africa met in Kliptown, a town in Soweto (South Western Town of Johannesburg) and adopted a document that charted the freedoms of the people- to be called ‘The Freedom Charter’.What did it stand for?Does it talk to the freedoms of the continent? What relevance does it have in the continent?

June is youth month in South Africa. During this month South Africans especially the youth, reflect on the issues that gave rise to the so-called youth revolution of June 16th 1976.Can the events of June 16 1976 in South Africa be a moment of reflection to the rest of the African youth? Was it a revolution that could give lessons to the continent’s youth of today, as they grapple with the day to day challenges of the times? Hector Pietersen Memorial Museum in Soweto is one of the many places of African youth revolution narrative. How many such places do we have in Africa that talks to the liberation struggle of the people?

They say: the future can never be understood without looking back to the past. This can be true in the context of the future of Africa.Have the stories of the struggles of african political struggles been adequately told?How will the future of the Continent be better understood when stories of how the freedom of many countries are not told?

African music and dance has a historical component in preserving the heritage of a people through its oral traditions that sometimes express the prowess of a people. As the continent celebrates Africa month, have Africans done enough to preserve their heritage, in a far as music and dance is concerned? What kind of music and dance have you preserved for the future? Has your government done enough to preserve your music and dance?

Ubuntu, Umunthu, Buthu, Utu; African terms, loosely used to mean ‘humanity’ in most languages of Southern Africa, is understood to look at the tolerant and accommodative view of treating one another in the continent. This is a continent that has over the centuries built most of its communities upon the concept of solidarity.Has that changed?

South Africa commemorates its freedom during the month of April. This is a month when the country celebrates the dawn of freedom on 27th April. This freedom however, did not come on a silver plate! Thousands of black people, who were the majority, died in the fight against the white oppressive regime, when the majority was seen as inferior to the white supremacists.One of the incidents that happened, and one which is associated with this month, is Solomon Mahlangu’s execution on 06th April 1979. He joined the South Africa’s African National Congress (ANC) party in September 1976, and left the country to be trained as an Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) “The Spear of the Nation” soldier. Channel Africa talks to George Lucky Mahlangu, Solomon Mahlangu’s companion on this fateful day when the three were accosted by police.

“Music goes way beyond the verbal expression to express the inexplicable…” so said Professor Elisabeth Orle (Ule)Imagine a song sang in a different language! Would it have any meaning to somebody who doesn't know the language?If one thinks about language as a means of transmitting information about the external world from one person to another, then what can we say about music?

“Music………………music goes way beyond the verbal expression to express the inexplicable…” so said Professor Elisabeth Orle (Ule)What is music and who is a musician? Do we have straight answers to these questions?We begin a 2 Part series on Music.Does your country honour local musicians?

‘Crossing the Rubicon’ Part 2, we continue looking at the changes, the end of the colonial rule, and the advent of freedom in South Africa. We are celebrating the release of all political prisoners and the unbanning of political parties, including the release of Nelson Mandela in South Africa.

‘Crossing the Rubicon’ Part 1, we are looking the changes and the end of the colonial rule, and the advent of freedom in South Africa. We are celebrating the release of all political prisoners and the unbanning of political parties, including the release of Nelson Mandela.

African soccer is competed at different levels in the continent – with the World Cup being the ultimate. From amateur level to national levels, players of the game have revolved to become world class players; earning a lot of money in the process. As the game developed, there have been casualties of the game whose careers have been cut short due to injuries and lack of support from authorities.Has the Continent preserved the heritage of African Soccer?

Tanzania’s Kaole Ruins, articulate an indigenous African history of captivity and imperialism. From its architectural design to its geographical settings, the Ruins bring about a nostalgic ancestral past that associate with a heritage of nation. How does Africa preserve such places instead of leaving them for perpetual decay?

Cultural villages in Africa have brought about a one-stop concept of trying to understand the different cultures of the continent. As diverse as the African cultures are, cultural villages have provided a commercial platform of African cultures to the foreign tourists. Rift valley fever, is a disease, that affect animals and people.Is visiting cultural villages enough for foreign tourists to know the different cultures in the continent?What lessons do tourists draw from cultural villages?

16 Days of Activism for No Violence Against Women and Children is an international awareness raising campaign about negative impact of violence against women and children on all society. Has the importation of other cultures into the African cultures, affected mens’ attitude towards women? In an exclusive interview with Pastor Khathide, South Africa’s social commentator and author, we look at how society in the continent has changed towards women and children. How and why has the continent assimilated other foreign cultures from her own?

As South Africa and the world commemorate the first anniversary of the passing away of Nelson Mandela, the first democratically elected president of South Africa, Channel Africa looks at the legacy the world icon left for Africa. How will the people of Africa remember Nelson Mandela?

South Africa was home to many migrant workers from the Sub – Saharan Africa, especially from the surrounding countries such as: Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia and Swaziland. While South Africa became a commercially viable destination for mining jobs, the existence of a silent killer was hovering over many an unsuspecting worker! Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling oneself to silica over a long period of time. Silica is a crystal-like mineral found in sand and rocks, such as granite.

As South Africa commemorates 20 years of freedom and democracy, what has been the country’s contribution to the music industry?Channel Africa chats to legendary music icons who put South African music on the map. We speak to the late Koloi Lebona, one of the few blind South African musicians who defied his physical challenges to become a legendary composer and producer of note in the continent. Babys Mlangeni, another musician talks about one of his greatest discoveries.

Samora Moses Machel was the first post- colonial president of Mozambique. He is the son of the African soil who fought for the liberation of his people during the imperial era of the Portuguese in this eastern African country. Machel was born a leader and became vocal against the Portuguese settlement in Mozambique. After gaining independence in 1975, Samora became a target of many forces including his immediate neighbours- South Africa and Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia under Ian Smith’s regime. His death in 1986 remains a mystery to this date.

Nat Ndazana Nakasa, a South African journalist and writer at the height of South Africa’s repressive era leaves an exemplary tradition of transformative journalism which needs to be harnessed and preserved in the continent. In the 3rd and final episode of “What Killed Nat Nakasa”, Nat Nakasa’s fraternal peers contextualize a life of a man who used a medium of his choice to add value and ideals about society. Was his death a physiological death or a psychological death of a people? How many Nat Nakasas in Africa have not been celebrated?

Nat Ndazana Nakasa, a South African journalist and writer at the height of South Africa’s repressive era leaves an exemplary tradition of transformative journalism which needs to be harnessed and preserved in the continent. In the 3rd and final episode of “What Killed Nat Nakasa”, Nat Nakasa’s fraternal peers contextualize a life of a man who used a medium of his choice to add value and ideals about society. Was his death a physiological death or a psychological death of a people? How many Nat Nakasas in Africa have not been celebrated?

“Our Heritage is a program that seeks to promote and accommodate the debates regarding the preservation of our rich natural and cultural heritage, which is so often threatened by ignorance or avarice. Africa needs to champion its own cause by sustaining the indigenous knowledge systems that exist within the African people themselves. We will also engage intellectuals who will build on scientific facts.”

Nat Ndazana Nakasa, a South African journalist and writer at the height of South Africa’s repressive era leaves an exemplary tradition of transformative journalism which needs to be harnessed and preserved in the continent. In “ What Killed Nat Nakasa Part 2”, Nat Nakasa’s fraternal peers contextualize a life of a man who used a medium of his choice to add value and ideals about society. Does his death leave questions in a continent full of conspiracy theories?

Nat Ndazana Nakasa, a South African journalist and writer at the height of South Africa’s repressive era leaves an exemplary tradition of transformative journalism which needs to be harnessed and preserved in the continent. In “ What Killed Nat Nakasa”, Nat Nakasa’s fraternal peers contextualize a life of a man who used a medium of his choice to add value and ideals about society. Does his death leave questions in a continent full of conspiracy theories?

Despite the fact that countries in Africa have particular local languages, there are other languages with spill- overs amongst borders. Due to the arbitrary nature in which borders were established during the scramble for Africa in 1880’s, several of the languages in the region are cross-border languages. Do you have cross border languages in your country?

Arguably, almost all countries in Africa celebrate women’s day and month. This is when women’s contribution to the struggles and victories in society has been commemorated. Each country has its own reasons for commemorating such a day. August is women’s month in South Africa. A particular emphasis has been the commemoration of the famous 1956 march in South Africa. This was when women leaders took the apartheid government by surprise by staging a march to deliver a petition to Johannes Strijdom, the then Prime Minister of South Africa.Today, the petition could be different, especially around cultural practices. What challenges are women in your country experiencing around cultural practices?

National Anthems are part of national symbols, and have been honoured, differently, in each and every country in the world. They are, generally, patriotic musical compositions, that evoke and eulogize the history, traditions and struggles, of a people or nations. How have national anthems in your country been observed?

Events that followed the exodus of young people into exile, after the 1976 Soweto Uprising in South Africa, were of dramatic and violent nature that always evoke different emotions from both ends of the conflict; the freedom fighters and the apartheid regime in the country.Silverton Siege of 1980 in Pretoria South Africa received condemnation from many circles including the United Nations, albeit being ‘a mission gone wrong’.How do South Africans reconcile the past after such atrocities from both sides?

Reflections on people’s lives have always been after their death. Solomon Kalushi Mahlangu who became a martyr in the struggle for liberation in South Africa, grew up ina home of a brave mother who raised him and his siblings as a single parent. “I would like that you not only commemorate the execution of my son , but also to celebrate his birth.”Ma Martha Mahlangu (Mother of Solomon Mahlangu)How do you remember fallen heroes in your country?

South Africa commemorates 20 years of freedom and democracy. How has been the transition of the heritage sector in the country? What lessons of the past have been drawn to develop and preserve

Ladysmith is a town in South Africa that has produced famous people including world sports personalities, cultural activists and recently Grammy Award winners. The formation of Ladysmith Black Mambazo as a musical group in the early 1960’s has put African traditional music on a world map. Joseph Shabalala is the founder and leader of the group. A visit to his home in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa shades more light on how African heritage should be treasured.

The extraction of gold and other precious metals have happened in Africa but beneficiated Europe and other parts of the globe with little dividends coming back to the continent. A visit to an African jeweler in Johannesburg shades more light on Africa’s early involvement in gold mining and its processing.

African Cultural Awards- Public broadcasters to blame for the lack of beneficiation in African creativity The importation of foreign cultures has seen a decline in the local music industries in the continent, especially, when it comes to traditional and folklore music.Foreign musicologists have come and recorded African traditional pieces without paying back royalties to the communities.Should you like to comment on this program, send your comments to :The Producer,Our Heritage,P.O Box 91313,Auckland Park,2006,South Africa Email: [email protected]

In a continent where almost all its natural resources are prone to exploitation, how can intellectual property alleviate poverty, let alone, be protected. Does the world understand the need for indigenization in Africa? Who has the answers for the continent’s indigenous traditional knowledge systems’ wealth? Should you like to comment on this program, send your comments to:The Producer,Our Heritage,P.O Box 91313,Auckland Park,2006,South Africa Email: [email protected]

Richard Siluma a Producer of note that helped Lucky Dube’s career talks to Channel Africa about Lucky Dube. How did Lucky Dube break into serious music? What role did Richard Siluma have in Lucky Dube’s music career? Why was he blamed for Lucky Dube’s death?

Africa - Jamaica

Rastafarians have influenced a Pan Africanist ideology that link the works of Marcus Garvey’s so called prophecy; that a king was going to come from Africa and that the continent is a cradle of human kind. This is in line with a belief that, Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael , who is commonly called Haile Selassie 1 and revered by his followers as the returned messianic figure, would lead a future golden age of eternal peace, righteousness, and prosperity for the Rastafarians. As South Africa celebrates Heritage Month in September, we focus on a kind of Pan Africanism influenced by Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican born black nationalist, who created a movement called ‘Back to Back’ in the United States, and later influenced similar ideologies for the Diaspora. Should you like to comment on the program, do so by writing to:The ProducerOur Heritage P.O Box 91313Auckland Park 2006South AfricaOr you may email us on : [email protected]