About
Rauf Fadzillah and Khalid Fadzillah from Palindrome talk about financial research and structuring data for the new economy.
Mediums of change
English, Finance, 4 seasons, 97 episodes, 2 days, 4 hours, 47 minutes
Mediums of change
English, Finance, 4 seasons, 97 episodes, 2 days, 4 hours, 47 minutes
Andrea Hubbert from hubandcompany.com on the creator economy, and building a publication
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
8/11/2022 • 29 minutes, 52 seconds
Graham from pixeltrue.com on streamlining a design business, and using content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
8/10/2022 • 32 minutes, 1 second
Olga from welcomefitness.cz on digital marketing, and health for mothers
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
8/9/2022 • 21 minutes, 1 second
Andreea Borcea from diacreative.com on blogs, and marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
8/3/2022 • 34 minutes, 43 seconds
Aurora Burkhart from andiamohomegoods.com on content marketing, and the laundry space
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
8/2/2022 • 29 minutes, 10 seconds
Daryl Robinson from competers.com on utilities, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
8/2/2022 • 25 minutes, 20 seconds
Aakash Shah from wyndly.com on running a healthcare startup, and growth through content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
8/1/2022 • 32 minutes, 51 seconds
Stéphane Nasser from openvc.app on venture capital, startups, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/30/2022 • 32 minutes, 11 seconds
Tejaswi Gautam from careerengine.io on the future of work, and blogging
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/28/2022 • 26 minutes, 48 seconds
Colby Tunick from refocusai.com on blogging, and retention in insurance
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/27/2022 • 23 minutes, 56 seconds
Jeremy Poland from diyseo.link on backlinks in SEO
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/26/2022 • 30 minutes, 8 seconds
Joseph Diele from dieleconsulting.com on culture, continuous improvement, and quality
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/26/2022 • 29 minutes, 10 seconds
Josh Boone from joshboone.com on startups, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/25/2022 • 33 minutes, 33 seconds
Shaun Gold from youtopianjourney.substack.com on being a polymath, and producing content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/24/2022 • 28 minutes, 39 seconds
Benjamin Wasson from benfrankly.com on startups, finance, and blog content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/20/2022 • 32 minutes, 31 seconds
Jenny Hansen from writersinthestormblog.com on SEO, and content writing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/19/2022 • 28 minutes, 10 seconds
Pat Miller from ideacollectiveincubator.com on building small businesses, community, and blog content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/15/2022 • 42 minutes, 28 seconds
Natty Asherah from lovebeinghuman.co.uk on the breast cancer journey, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/14/2022 • 42 minutes, 44 seconds
Cassandra Smith from changeyournarrative.org on mental health, and content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/13/2022 • 24 minutes, 53 seconds
Christina Kay from resellerratings.com on user generated content, RevOps, and SEO
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/12/2022 • 38 minutes, 12 seconds
Jenna Zeng from staffnet.ca on building a SaaS startup using content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/12/2022 • 22 minutes, 39 seconds
Karl Pontau from squashandstretch.net on storytelling, animation, and branding
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/11/2022 • 35 minutes, 14 seconds
Jillian Tohber Leslie from milotreecart.com on marketing, building an audience, and content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/11/2022 • 34 minutes, 12 seconds
Barry Kopulos, author of MAKE QUALITY CONNECTIONS: HOW TO UP YOUR NETWORKING GAME on networking, and building connections
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/11/2022 • 31 minutes, 49 seconds
Steph Winkeler from simplicityhappens.com on teaching communication, and building a website
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/11/2022 • 30 minutes, 58 seconds
Nathan Thompson from assess.com on AI, assessments, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/7/2022 • 41 minutes, 5 seconds
Pete Alexander from petealexander.com on marketing, content, and stress
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/6/2022 • 48 minutes, 59 seconds
Brandon White from brandoncwhite.com on downturns, and building businesses
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/5/2022 • 37 minutes, 41 seconds
Cristal Balk from jvmarketingtech.net on building tech businesses, and marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/5/2022 • 35 minutes, 4 seconds
Bruno Cignacco from brunocignacco.com on compassion, and business
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/4/2022 • 40 minutes, 15 seconds
Haylee Kalani McDonald from hkalaniconsulting.com on business, and communication
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/3/2022 • 33 minutes, 56 seconds
Joe Nicassio from employeeescapeplan.com on building businesses, and using content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/1/2022 • 27 minutes, 37 seconds
Lisa Apolinski from 3dogwrite.com on content, business, and marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/1/2022 • 23 minutes, 49 seconds
Cathy Nesbitt from cathyscomposters.com on worms, marketing, and laughter
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
7/1/2022 • 27 minutes, 1 second
Shivam Ramphal from meetmaya.world on AI, and marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/29/2022 • 24 minutes, 26 seconds
Kathryn Ficarra from solosecure.com on security, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/27/2022 • 35 minutes, 28 seconds
Khalid and Rauf talk about influencer marketing, and building authority through blogs
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/24/2022 • 1 hour, 5 minutes, 43 seconds
Danna Olivo from marketatomy.com on small businesses, and learning
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/24/2022 • 37 minutes, 15 seconds
Sayre Darling from sayredarling.com on change management, leadership, and communication
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/23/2022 • 42 minutes, 53 seconds
Ada Hsieh from adalipbeauty.com on natural lipsticks, ecommerce, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/23/2022 • 21 minutes, 2 seconds
Regina Noriega from everydaysheroe.com on NFTs, content, and building communities
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/22/2022 • 33 minutes, 48 seconds
Kathi Casey from healthyboomerbody.com on pain, the mind, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/20/2022 • 36 minutes, 34 seconds
Ash Bylde from arouund.com on events, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/16/2022 • 30 minutes, 25 seconds
Cassidy from vital7.com on Pilates, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/15/2022 • 28 minutes, 26 seconds
Rick Heyland from ci4life.org on sales, improvement, and referrals
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/14/2022 • 35 minutes, 19 seconds
Tosca DiMatteo from toscadimatteo.com on leadership, managing people, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/10/2022 • 32 minutes, 25 seconds
Michael Mulkey from memevolver.com on the subconscious, marketing, and blogging
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/3/2022 • 55 minutes, 4 seconds
Josh Rosenberg from verygoodmarketingconsultants.com on direct response, and blog marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
6/2/2022 • 33 minutes, 53 seconds
Tammy Haldeman from shieldmehome.com on safety, and mindset
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
More info about our guest here:
https://www.upliftuniverse.com/
https://shieldmehome.com/
https://anchor.fm/tammy-haldeman
[email protected]
6/1/2022 • 33 minutes, 46 seconds
Timmy Mckeegan from investingforkidsbykids.com on investing, blogging, and being a kid
This was originally done as a video interview so if some things don't make sense, it might be because you can't see it.
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as financial advice. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
5/31/2022 • 17 minutes, 39 seconds
Nathaniel Brown from theperspectivecoach.us on trauma, listening, and marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
5/28/2022 • 38 minutes, 14 seconds
Richard Blank from costaricascallcenter.com on empathy, digital marketing, and running a call center
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
5/27/2022 • 38 minutes, 44 seconds
Adi Patil from startitupnyc.com on startups, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
More info on what was mentioned in the episode here: https://www.rriter.com/
5/27/2022 • 37 minutes, 35 seconds
Jack Gibson from myindestructiblewealth.com on investing, and content marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as financial advice. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
5/26/2022 • 30 minutes, 47 seconds
Travis Buck from northwestmediacollective.com on web development, digital marketing, and blogging
Travis Buck from northwestmediacollective.com on web development, digital marketing, and blogging
5/25/2022 • 30 minutes, 30 seconds
Antony Curtis from antony-curtis.com on behaviour, language, and business
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
5/25/2022 • 36 minutes, 54 seconds
Gagandeep Singh from leadersmandate.blogspot.com on mental strength, and blog content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
More info about our guest here:
Online Nursery : myvaatika.com
Blog : leadersmandate.blogspot.com
Record : https://indiabookofrecords.in/maximum-pull-ups-performed-by-an-individual-in-12-hours/#:~:text=The%20record%20for%20performing%20the,confirmed%20on%20December%2020%2C%202021.
5/25/2022 • 24 minutes, 27 seconds
David Fradin from spicecatalyst.com on products, design thinking, and blogging
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions. More info about our guest here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidfradin/
5/23/2022 • 32 minutes, 4 seconds
Carrie-Lynn Hotson from jobinterviewcoach.ca on HR, job interviews and her book
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions. More info about our guest here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carrie-lynn-hotson-45a56b191, knowingwhoyoulead.com
5/21/2022 • 35 minutes, 36 seconds
Anna Nadeina from devhouse.pro on startups, tech dev, and blogging
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions. Links that had been mentioned on the show https://www.devhouse.pro/ https://panciona.com/ https://www.marsx.dev/
5/18/2022 • 29 minutes, 19 seconds
Can Burak Bizer from 2fresh.com on advertising, data, and more
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions. More info about our guest at canburakbizer.com/ http://linkedin.com/in/canburak.
5/17/2022 • 33 minutes, 31 seconds
John Clay from bettersourcebenefits.com on employers, insurance and digital marketing
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
5/11/2022 • 18 minutes, 55 seconds
Mehdi Rahmaninia from watchthem.live on CRO, behavior and SEO
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as health advice or financial advice. Please consult a qualified physician before making any health-related decisions. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
4/22/2022 • 27 minutes, 45 seconds
BG Hamrick from localimpactagency.com on local SEO and trends in search
BG Hamrick from localimpactagency.com on local SEO and trends in search
4/18/2022 • 28 minutes, 47 seconds
Khalid and Rauf talk about problems with attention in marketing and possible solutions
Discussion on the AIDA model, The Attention Merchants by Tim Wu, and more
4/17/2022 • 22 minutes, 4 seconds
Khalid and Rauf from Palindrome on community building via content writing
Khalid and Rauf from Palindrome on community building via content writing
4/14/2022 • 18 minutes, 41 seconds
Wai Ken Wong from StashAway on Fintech and blog content
*All content produced by Palindrome Communications is for educational purposes and is not to be construed as financial advice. Some financial products and services may not be suitable for Muslim clients/customers. Please research carefully before making any financial decisions.
4/14/2022 • 39 minutes, 26 seconds
Bulletin01 (Trailer)
1/15/2020 • 17 seconds