The latest health news, including the burst of viral illnesses we've seen recently in Australia — and which viruses are behind them.And was your last blood pressure reading accurate? A new study shows common but incorrect arm positions for these measurements can lead to overestimates.ReferencesNSW Respiratory Surveillance Report, October 2024Arm Position and Blood Pressure ReadingsThe ARMS Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial'What you need to know about blood pressure measurement' the Health Report 16 Oct 2023

The rate of self-harm among young people is rising, but despite this the issue remains neglected.That's according to a major paper that has outlined what can be done by governments, services, the media and wider society to address the issue.It recommends addressing social and cultural contributors to self-harm, and centring the voices of people with lived experience.If you need support, you can contact Lifeline's crisis line on 13 11 14. Information and support is also available on Beyond Blue or Headspace.Have you experienced thoughts of ending your life in the past six months but haven’t sought any support? The Black Dog Institute would like to hear from you. Find out more about the ‘Under the Radar' study.GuestsScientia Professor Helen Christensen, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSWProfessor Paul Moran, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolReferencesThe Lancet Commission on self-harm, Oct 2024Unhealthy influencers? Social media and youth mental health, accompanying Editorial in the Lancet

Giving birth is something many women go through and yet so many come out of it feeling like it didn't go to plan.When the baby is in breech position — bottom first instead of head first — it can get even more complicated.This is why, before things get to this point, attempts are made to flip the baby. And when this is unsuccessful, many women go on to have a caesarean section.However, delivering a breech baby is possible. One obstetrician is trying to keep the art of this delicate manoeuvre alive.GuestsKatie Silver, Mother and Asia Business Reporter / Senior Journalist for BBC NewsDr Andrew Bisits, Director of Obstetrics at the Royal Hospital for Women, SydneyReferencesCost-effectiveness of public caseload midwifery compared to standard care in an Australian setting: a pragmatic analysis to inform service deliveryA cost analysis of upscaling access to continuity of midwifery carer: Population-based microsimulation in Queensland, Australia

Blood letting might be an ancient practice, but in some cases it's still the ideal treatment.One instance is in haemochromatosis, an inherited condition where the body absorbs too much iron.Many patients still undertake blood letting at pathology centres where it can't be put to good use.But they could be donating their blood — providing an iron-rich solution to low donation rates.GuestsDavid, haemochromatisis patientPeter Bentley, Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Western Australia Medical SchoolReferencesI've been told by my doctor that my iron stores (or my ferritin levels) are high. Am I eligible to donate?Research study update: Beyond the iron gate, Australian Red Cross LifebloodAchieving optimal self-management in hereditary haemochromatosis: Results from a community questionnaire

The latest health news, including microRNA researchers winning this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. What's the big deal with these tiny molecules?And Marburg virus has been detected in hospitals across Rwanda for the first time. The virus causes a haemorrhagic fever similar to Ebola.ReferencesMedicine Nobel awarded for gene-regulating 'microRNAs'The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024Marburg Outbreak in Rwanda Situation Summary

Wait times for ADHD treatment, or mental health support, can be long. So is there a pocket-sized solution?cTheir efficacy is the subject of a new review, aiming to figure out just how helpful these interventions can be.GuestJoseph McGuire, Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences at Johns Hopkins School of MedicineReferencesEfficacy of Gamified Digital Mental Health Interventions for Pediatric Mental Health Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In epilepsy, seizures are caused by an 'electrical storm' in the brain that can be seen during an EEG test.But there is another kind of seizure, which presents the same but cannot be seen on an EEG.Despite being so common, there are few treatments for functional seizures and functional neurological disorder (FND).GuestJackie, participant in Re-PROGRAMDr Toby Winton-Brown, neuropsychiatrist at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne and at Monash Neuroscience at Monash University ReferencesRe-PROGRAM: The evaluation of a brief intervention program for patients with functional seizures in an outpatient hospital setting"What the hell is wrong with me?" - Health Report, Saturday 29 June, 2024

The rate of skin infections in Aboriginal children living in remote communities has halved over the course of a major five-year study.Untreated skin infections can cause rheumatic heart disease, sepsis and kidney disease – all of which disproportionately affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.A trial has found regular skin check-ups were the key to driving down cases of painful skin sores and scabies.GuestsProfessor Asha Bowen, Paediatric Infectious Disease Specialist at Perth Children's Hospital and The Kids Research Institute AustraliaStephanie Enkel, Research Assistant at The Kids Research Institute AustraliaReferencesTrimodal skin health programme for childhood impetigo control in remote Western Australia (SToP): a cluster randomised, stepped-wedge trialSee, Treat, Prevent Skin Sores and Scabies (SToP) Trial

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

The latest health news, including a US study linking indoor radon exposure to childhood leukaemia risk. Why Australian adults do (and don't) get vaccinated against the flu. And new rules come into effect banning the compounding of popular weight loss products.ReferencesDomestic radon exposure and childhood cancer risk by site and sex in 727 counties in the United States, 2001–2018Radiation: IARC review of human carcinogensAdult vaccination insights: Understanding the drivers of vaccine uptake among adults in AustraliaProtecting Australians from unsafe compounding of replica weight loss products

Both attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia share symptoms, so do they share genes?Researchers have looked at the genomes of thousands of people to pinpoint places where the conditions overlap.They found ADHD aligns more closely with dyslexia than autism, suggesting it might be better termed as a learning difficulty than a psychiatric disorder.GuestProfessor Michelle Luciano, Psychology and Language Sciences at the University of EdinburghReferencesGenetic neurodevelopmental clustering and dyslexia

Millions of people are using period-tracking apps to record their menstrual cycle.In some cases, women are relying on these apps to prevent pregnancy, or to tell them when they’re most fertile when they are trying to have a baby.How accurate are they, and should you be trusting these companies with your health data?GuestDr Emmalee Ford, biochemist at the University of NewcastleReferencesCan I trust my period-tracking app? Here’s what it can tell you – and what to watch out for

We can use technology to fill the gap when the brain no longer sends the right signals to the body.Brain-computer interfaces have helped people who've lost movement to move again.But so far, none of these products have been approved for use outside of research settings.GuestMichelle Patrick Krueger, IUCRC BRAIN Center at the University of HoustonReferencesThe state of clinical trials of implantable brain–computer interfaces

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

For years, so-called 'Blue Zones' have been promoted as having a higher than average number of long-lived people.It was thought their lifestyles were behind their longevity. But upon further investigation, the whole notion of 'Blue Zones' has fallen apart. The researcher responsible has won the first Ig Nobel prize for demography. ReferencesUCL demographer’s work debunking ‘Blue Zone’ regions of exceptional lifespans wins Ig Nobel prizeSupercentenarian and remarkable age records exhibit patterns indicative of clerical errors and pension fraudEffect of laughter exercise versus 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid on ocular surface discomfort in dry eye disease: non-inferiority randomised controlled trial

Unhealthy weight gain in the early years of childhood can have lifelong implications.While prevention is the main objective, sometimes it is necessary to intervene with weight loss strategies.So how is this done safely – keeping in mind the very real risk of triggering eating disorders in young people? GuestDr Natalie Lister, research dietitian at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical SchoolReferencesIntermittent Energy Restriction for Adolescents With Obesity: The Fast Track to Health Randomized Clinical Trial

Getting screened for cancer is a stressful experience, especially when the methods can be invasive.New research indicates fewer men would have to undergo biopsies for prostate cancer, when an MRI is undertaken first.GuestAssociate Professor Jeremy Grummet, urological surgeonReferencesResults after Four Years of Screening for Prostate Cancer with PSA and MRIProstate cancer incidence and mortality in Europe and implications for screening activities: population based study

Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer that typically affects young adults.Because of this, there are many things to consider before treatment starts – not just how effective it will be, but its long-term impacts.Australian researchers have been part of a clinical trial to find effective first-line treatments for the disease that prevent toxic side effects.GuestProfessor Mark Hertzberg, clinical haematology at Prince of Wales Hospital and UNSWReferencesAssessing the efficacy and tolerability of PET-guided BrECADD versus eBEACOPP in advanced-stage, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HD21)

Superbugs expected to kill 50 million people by 2050. Trial tests COVID antiviral Paxlovid's usefulness. Alcohol is linked to higher cancer rates in young people. And a tobacco giant releases inhaler company after backlash.  ReferencesGlobal burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050Nirmatrelvir for Vaccinated or Unvaccinated Adult Outpatients with Covid-19Reducing Cancer Risk | AACR Cancer Progress Report 2024Vectura Fertin Pharma, Inc., a Subsidiary of Philip Morris International, Announces Agreement for Sale of Vectura Group to Molex – Company Announcement - FT.com

The government is preparing legislation to ban life insurers from using genetic testing results to discriminate coverage. The practice put Australians off getting tested, meaning they potentially missed out on important health information. Could this reform lead to population-sized screening for high risk genes? GuestJane Tiller, the ethical legal and social health advisor in public health genomics at Monash UniversityReferencesFinal Stakeholder Report of the Australian Genetics and Life Insurance Moratorium: Monitoring the Effectiveness and Response (A-GLIMMER) Project

Children with raised levels of inflammation were associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis disorder, severe depression, and high levels of insulin resistance in their 20s. GuestDr Edward Palmer, a trainee psychiatrist and academic clinical fellow at the University of BirminghamReferencesTrajectories of Inflammation in Youth and Risk of Mental and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Adulthood

Adelaide-based company Micro-X is transforming radiology with smaller and less resource intensive X-ray technology. The tech could see CT scanners small enough to fit in ambulances providing vital stroke diagnosis on the spot. GuestAnthony Skeats is the Chief Operating Officer at Micro-XReferencesReady to scan: designing the Micro-X Head CT for ambulance integration

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

The US sees its first case of bird flu in a human who did not come into contact with an animal.

The federal government has announced a rethink on suicide prevention this week, a more holistic approach that doesn’t just look to mental health and clinical response but to social determinants that lead to high risk of suicide.The Lancet released a series, also this week, which similarly pushes for a public health approach to suicide prevention.If you or someone you know is struggling, Lifeline is here, 24/7 via 13 11 14GuestProfessor Jane Pirkis, the Director of the Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing at the University of Melbourne ReferencesA public health approach to suicide prevention | LancetThe Australian Government is calling for feedback on the draft National Suicide Prevention Strategy

People don't generally notice a kidney stone until it gets big and causes severe pain. So it's hard to trace back to when it actually started forming.Well, one scientist decided to age his own kidney stone using carbon dating techniques usually used for dating ancient rock art.  GuestDr Vladimir Levchenko, research scientist at Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)Dr Gregory Jack Urology surgeon and kidney stone expert ReferencesNuclear techniques reveal 'stone age': dating kidney stonesWhen did your kidney stone start growing? ANSTO scientist carbon dated his to find out | ABC News 

As Ebola continues to be a global threat, a major review into the real-world effectiveness of the Ebola vaccine offers some reassuring results. GuestDr Sophie Meakin is an epidemiologist with Epicentre, the epidemiology and medical research arm of Médecins Sans FrontièresReferencesEffectiveness of rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination during the 2018–20 Ebola virus disease epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a retrospective test-negative study | The Lancet

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.

Did Australian supermodel Elle MacPherson recover from cancer without traditional treatment? A huge review debunks mobile phone brain cancer fears. And can catching up on sleep on the weekends save us?

A story for the many parents who allow their children some screen time, and are concerned about the potential negative effects of it. A recent study has found a link between tablet use by preschoolers and angry outbursts. This behavioural effect could be due to a dependency on the device for emotional regulation, but the results are stark. GuestDr Gabrielle Garon-Carrier Department of Psychoeducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, CanadaReferencesEarly-Childhood Tablet Use and Outbursts of Anger | Pediatrics | JAMA Pediatrics | JAMA Network

We've heard a lot in recent years about how damaging concussion in professional sport can be to long-term brain health.But we don't know a lot about the impacts of mild concussions. Well there's now an app for that.And one recent study found having a sports-related concussion didn't seem to have a detrimental effect on cognition and was linked to performing better in some areas.GuestDr Matt Lennon researcher at the Centre for Healthy Brain Aging at the University of New South Wales and a local doctor in SydneyProfessor Melinda Fitzgerald Deputy Vice Chancellor at Curtin University ReferencesSports-related concussion not associated with long-term cognitive or behavioural deficits: the PROTECT-TBI studyHeadcheck appConcussion in Australian Sport

Men might need a little bit more convincing when it comes to going to the doctors but if there are issues below the belt it might be worth getting yourself checked. New research suggests erectile dysfunction or peeing in the night might be indicators of a bigger problem. GuestDr Sam Tafari, andrology and men’s health fellow at the Royal Adelaide hospitalReferences''Before you go''—considering genitourinary symptoms as a sentinel indicator of the presence of, or risk for, chronic disorders in men

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

An update on COVID-19 figures, plus the latest research on vaccines and long-COVID. What are the long-term outcomes of people who experienced myocarditis after COVID infection or vaccination?And why were there differences in mental health outcomes for the unvaccinated and the vaccinated?ReferencesLong-Term Prognosis of Patients With Myocarditis Attributed to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, or Conventional EtiologiesCharacterizing Long COVID in Children and AdolescentsCOVID-19 and Mental Illnesses in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated People

More attention is being paid to toxins and their effects on the human body – like PFAS chemicals, microplastics and heavy metals. A guide has been released providing advice to parents, childcare centres and policymakers. It provides practical approaches to reduce the risks from known toxins. GuestDr Rachael Wakefield-Rann, Institute for Sustainable Futures at the University of Technology SydneyReferencesNew guide helps childcare providers keep kids safe

Many people use food tracking apps, whether for weight loss purposes, or to help manage a medical condition. But when it comes to how much energy, fat, protein or sodium is in a certain food, how accurate are they?Researchers have looked at hundreds of apps and identified some of their blind spots — including multicultural meals. GuestDr Juliana Chen, accredited practising dietitian and lecturer at the University of Sydney ReferencesEvaluating the Quality and Comparative Validity of Manual Food Logging and Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Food Image Recognition in Apps for Nutrition Care

Insomnia is so common, it’s likely everyone will experience bouts of it at some point in their life.While not everyone will need treatment, for those who do, it can be difficult to access.A digital version of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi) could open up treatment to more people.GuestProfessor Robert Adams, specialist respiratory and sleep physician and a board member of the Sleep Health Foundation

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

GLP-1 agonists are quickly becoming a go-to treatment for type-2 diabetes and obesity — and a weight loss drug of choice for many others. But a new paper looking at adverse drug reactions has found a potential association between semaglutide and suicidality. 

New evidence is supporting the mass distribution of azithromycin to children in sub-Saharan Africa. Twice-yearly doses have been shown to reduce mortality by 14 per cent in children one month to four years old. However concerns remain about perpetuating antimicrobial resistance.ReferencesAzithromycin to Reduce Mortality — An Adaptive Cluster-Randomized TrialWhy Was the Azithromycin "for Life" Trial Necessary?

Keeping kids off screens can be easier said than done, especially when they’re so intertwined with our day-to-day lives.A paper has reviewed the evidence on how screen use in children under six can impact behaviour and cognitive outcomes – like attention, memory and learning.The researchers say while limiting time spent on screens is important, it’s not the only factor.GuestDr Sumudu Mallawaarachchi, research fellow at the ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital ChildReferencesCommon Sense MediaChildren and Media AustraliaEarly Childhood Screen Use Contexts and Cognitive and Psychosocial Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

More than 60 per cent of Australian adults are living with overweight or obesity, putting them at increased risk of disease.So how can those risks be prevented and managed at both an individual and societal level? And how important are dietitians, especially with renewed interest in weight loss drugs?GuestDr Terri-Lynne South, dietitian and GP

Meniere's disease is a chronic condition that causes tinnitus, vertigo and deafness. It typically starts in one ear, but can go on to affect both.At the moment there is no cure, only strategies to lower the chances of an attack and treatments to help manage the symptoms.It’s hoped gene therapy might be able to turn things around.GuestsSteven Moore, Meniere's disease patientJose Antonio Lopez-Escamez, Professor of Meniere's disease and [email protected] 

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.  You can email us at [email protected]

A more severe variant of the mpox virus is spreading fast, already causing hundreds of deaths in Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency of international concern. We have vaccines against mpox, so what aren't we doing to slow the spread?Also, Australia is compared to other English-speaking countries and it turns out we're living longer. ReferencesWHO Director-General declares mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concernLife expectancy and geographic variation in mortality: an observational comparison study of six high-income Anglophone countries

People with knee osteoarthritis are undergoing unnecessary tests and procedures, when exercise is often the best treatment.New clinical care standards have been released, putting the emphasis on non-surgical treatments for pain relief and mobility.GuestDr Christopher Vertullo, orthopaedic knee surgeon and an Adjunct Professor at Griffith UniversityReferencesOsteoarthritis of the Knee Clinical Care Standard

A majority of the world's population lives in cities.Our urban environments have changed rapidly, and a very different to the environments humans evolved in.This could mean we're not being exposed to the same diversity of 'good' microbes, that keep us balanced and healthy.GuestDr Jessica Stanhope, epidemiologist at the University of AdelaideKate Matthews, soil scientist at the University of AdelaideReferencesHealth by design; optimising our urban environmental microbiomes for human health

While humans and pathogens have waged war for millennia, even dangerous pathogens can be engineered to be helpful in the right hands.What are the qualities that make a microbe or virus so successful, and how can we harness them for good?GuestJacinta Bowler, science reporterAssociate Professor Joanne Macdonald, University of the Sunshine CoastReferencesEngineering Toxoplasma gondii secretion systems for intracellular delivery of multiple large therapeutic proteins to neurons

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

Authorities in Victoria believe they've found the source of a Legionnaires' outbreak in Melbourne that has killed two people.What do we know about the disease, and what needs to be done to avoid outbreaks?ReferencesOutbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in metropolitan MelbourneDispersion of Legionella bacteria in atmosphere: A practical source location estimation method

There has been a heated – and at times harmful discussion about presumed sex differences in athletes competing at the Olympic Games.While unfounded, accusations against two female boxers have reignited a discussion that has been going on for over a century about who gets to compete, and against whom.We take a look at the evidence and explain why sex isn't as binary as some would like to believe.GuestProfessor Susan Davis, endocronologist at Monash UniversityDr Madeleine Pape, Olympian, sociologist and IOC inclusion expertReferencesIOC Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity and Sex Variations

Unions are calling for 10 days of reproductive leave for women going through menopause and perimenopause. They say older women are leaving the workforce early because a lack of support. But one expert argues there is no quality evidence to support this claim, and there are other issues at play. GuestProfessor Susan Davis, endocronologist at Monash University

People with diabetes who are treated with insulin have more than a 60 per cent increased risk of serious injury.Low blood sugar can lead to falls, while high blood sugar can lead to nerve damage, which leaves people susceptible to numbness and burns.Experts believe there is a lack of awareness about the risk of trauma when blood sugars aren’t well managed.GuestProfessor Jonathan Shaw, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteReferencesPeople with diabetes who are treated with insulin have a 60% increased risk of serious injury

Viral hepatitis infections claim the lives of 3,500 people each day.One of the lesser known kinds is hepatitis E, which can lead to acute liver failure.We explain the storied history of this virus and the current efforts to vaccinate against it.GuestDr Richie Madden, co-founder of the Hepatis E International Direct Action group 

For the first time this year, there are more patients in Queensland hospitals with influenza than COVID.A survey has found people's main reasons for not vaccinating against flu were that they didn't think influenza was serious, the vaccine would give them the flu, or it wouldn't work.And we take a look at how COVID-19 continues to affect mortality rates. ReferencesAustralian Respiratory Surveillance ReportQld Health acute respiratory infection surveillance reportingNSW Respiratory Surveillance ReportHow COVID-19 has Affected Mortality in 2020 to 2023

Dementia is the second leading cause of death of all Australians.But rates of dementia are going down, in part because people are changing their lifestyles. A major paper published in the Lancet has identified 14 modifiable risk factors — two more than previously listed. GuestEmeritus Professor David Ames, the University of Melbourne and the Florey Institute ReferencesDementia prevention, intervention, and care 2024Can sudoku really keep your brain younger for longer? -- What's That Rash?

Heard of the anti-Mullerian hormone, or the 'egg timer' test?It's marketed strongly to women in their 30s but a new study suggests some of the claims around it can be misleading.And when given more information about the test, many women decide against it.GuestDr Tessa Copp, the University of SydneyReferencesWomen’s interest, knowledge, and attitudes relating to anti-Mullerian hormone testing: a randomized controlled trial

When women are diagnosed with breast cancer in just one breast – should they get a double mastectomy?A large study has assessed the impact different surgical interventions have on cancer risk and mortality.GuestDr Vasily Giannakeas, cancer epidemiologist at the Women’s College Research Innovation InstituteReferencesBilateral Mastectomy and Breast Cancer Mortality

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

The world's largest conference on HIV and AIDS has been underway in Berlin to discuss developments and breakthroughs in the field. One major story out of the conference is the remission of a patient with HIV using a new treatment method. Also, we discuss a study into mammal-to-mammal transmission of avian influenza. ReferencesThe next Berlin patient: sustained HIV remission surpassing five years without antiretroviral therapy after heterozygous CCR5 WT/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantationSpillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle

New vaping laws are in place, but questions remain about whether they will address the health problems at play.Both non-nicotine and nicotine vapes are only available through a pharmacy, and only to those over 18 years of age.But some experts are concerned this could expose young people to a growing illicit market.GuestEmeritus Professor Wayne Hall, National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchReferencesWill Australia's tightened prescription system reduce nicotine vaping among young people?Smoking out Australia's growing illicit tobacco market: Current trends and future challenges

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) causes heart attacks in young, healthy people with no known risk factors.Because of this, SCAD can have a devastating psychological impact.A clinic is trying to address this by providing the proper support, and connecting patients with this rare condition.GuestsProfessor Jane Maguire, SCAD survivorProfessor Robert Graham, the Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDr Barbara Murphy, associate director of the Australian Centre for Heart Health ReferencesCardiac Counselling Clinic, the Australian Centre for Heart Health

Cancer treatment is life-saving, but it can be brutal.The side effects of chemotherapy and radiation can continue long after a person has gone into remission.A group of runners are putting into practice research that shows exercise can help, especially for nerve pain.GuestMelanie D'Souza, cancer survivorDr Chris Swain, University of Melbourne and Cancer Council VictoriaReferencesCan Walk, Can Walk programPhysical activity and pain in people with and without cancer

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week.You can email us at [email protected]

US President Joe Biden has tested positive for COVID.The results of a large study into women who received a COVID infection, or the vaccine during pregnancy.Alcohol products are health-washing their advertising and it seems to be working.And calls for tougher restrictions on marketing for toddler milk products.

It's never been easy being a teenager, but young people these days experience particularly high levels of poor mental health. A study surveying thousands of Australian high schoolers in Year 7, and again in Year 10, has found six lifestyle behaviours that seem to have positive effects. Hint: an extra hour of sleep a night could make all the difference.

1 in 9 Australians have asthma, but many aren’t properly managing the potentially deadly condition.Even though the symptoms of asthma can be prevented, some people aren’t reaching for a puffer until they’re in distress.And it’s leaving people unnecessarily vulnerable to asthma attacks.GuestAnthony Flynn, Director of Health Knowledge and Translation at Asthma AustraliaReferencesOral corticosteroids stewardship for asthma in adults and adolescents: A position paper from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand

You've probably been warned against dwelling on the past.But — for older people — revisiting fond memories can improve physical and mental wellbeing.Reminiscence therapy can improve cognitive function, as well as ease symptoms of depression and dementia.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including plant based meat products and hand washing for gastro.

What's the latest on avian influenza and the risk to humans, as well as wild birds?And how specific types of exercise can help protect your brain from decline as you age.

A parliamentary report has recommended a tax on sugary drinks, which dozens of other countries have in place. Research out of the UK shows their levy has lowered the amount of added sugar kids and adults are consuming. What could a sugar tax look like in Australia?GuestDr Nina Rogers, University of CambridgeJane Martin, Food for Health AllianceReferencesEstimated changes in free sugar consumption one year after the UK soft drinks industry levy came into force

Indigenous and Torres Strait island communities are at greater risk of alcohol-related harms.This is both a product of colonisation and a contributor to ongoing disadvantage in Aboriginal communities.Programs to address alcohol-related harms have been divisive, which is why experts say community-led approaches are crucial.

There are plenty of ways technology can make life easier.For people with disability tech can help with mobility, communication, pain management – and pleasure.Sex tech is a niche market that’s growing, to make pleasure accessible to all.

One of Australia's leading medical journals has ceded editorial control to Indigenous guest editors for a special issue.The NAIDOC Week issue highlights the importance of Indigenous involvement in health research – to better serve communities.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week about the search to find the right GP.

How much ultra-processed food are you eating?On average, it turns out Australians are getting close to half of their energy needs from ultra-processed foods.While convenient, a diet full of these foods can increase the risk of chronic disease.GuestDr Daisy Coyle, dietician and research fellow at the George InstituteReferencesUltra-processed foods are ‘pushing aside’ all other food groups to dominate global diets

There are changes to Australia's legislation on vaping– and more changes to come in October.Plus, a year-long inquiry into diabetes has made recommendations to improve care.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression associated with certain times of the year. A hallmark sign someone has SAD is their symptoms completely dissipate when the season changes.While there isn't a lot of data on its prevalence in Australia, experts believe it's more common than once thought. GuestsPaige Cockburn, health reporterVicki Childs,  registered counsellorReferencesSeasonal depression may be 'under-recognised' in Australia so what are the symptoms?

Even when Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults report hearing loss themselves, many aren't being referred for follow-up care.That's according to new research into how hearing loss is being measured, reported and managed.And this under-recognised issue could be exacerbating existing inequalities. GuestAlice Pender, audiologist and researcher at the University of QueenslandReferencesSelf-reported hearing loss in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: unmeasured, unknown and unmanagedEar and hearing health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years and older: A scoping review

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including responses to our story on measuring exercise with steps vs duration and another look at deprescribing. 

We're all familiar with being prescribed medication, but how often is your doctor advising you on how to eventually stop taking certain drugs?This is especially an issue for medications like opioids, benzodiazepines and even antidepressants.There are calls for better guidelines on deprescribing, to make sure the process of weaning off medications is as clear as possible.

While we know a lot about what can go wrong in the body, we don't know everything.One GP says she has seen hundreds of people with so-called 'functional symptoms' who never get a diagnosis – but nonetheless deserve treatment.In her new book, Dr Gillian Deakin offers a guide to patients and doctors grappling with symptoms without a known cause.

What is normal when it comes to menstruation? Is it a monthly hindrance, or something that significantly impacts your life?There are treatments available for people struggling with heavy periods.And experts want them to know they don't have to jump to the most extreme solutions to find relief.

Certain medicines are in short supply in Australia – so why does this happen and what's being done about it.The Therapeutic Goods Administration keeps up to date information on medicine shortages in Australia on their website.

Exercise is good for you – that's stating the obvious. But adhering to exercise can be difficult.New research suggests tracking your activity with step count might be just as beneficial as tracking the time you spend exercising – especially in older people.

Sepsis is a potentially deadly condition that happens when the immune system has an extreme response to infection.It can cause irreversible organ damage.Australian researchers are developing a new drug designed to restore cells that become degraded.

The latest health news, including a curriculum changes in Victoria to bring phonics learning into the classrooms.A look at Australia's COVID, influenza and RSV numbers, and the vaccination rates for winter.And concerns over the quality of research in a paper on excess mortality rates during the COVID pandemic published in the British Medical Journal.

Age-related macular degeneration is a common disease which leads to a loss of central vision.

While it's still a rarity reserved for astronauts and the very rich, space travel is becoming more common.We know it changes the body, both at the physiological and the cellular level.But we're still in the dark about what this means for long-term health when crew members splash back down to earth.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including iron infusions and more on migraines.You can email us at [email protected]

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including asthma prevention and the etymology of migraine.You can email us at [email protected]

We blink more than we need to, and scientists have been trying to find out why.New research suggests blinking helps us see the world in finer detail – essentially, it makes our eyes more sensitive.

Pain can be a helpful tool to make sure we don't exceed our limits, but when it persists it can be detrimental.Research has shown that people experiencing chronic pain see the world as a harsher place – distances are longer and hills are steeper.

If you're one of many ransacking the cold and flu aisle this winter, you might have spotted a common ingredient: zinc. It has been touted as a remedy for sickness — even a preventative. A comprehensive review has delved into the current research into the supplement and its effectiveness. GuestAssistant Professor Daryl Nault, Maryland University of Integrative HealthReferencesZinc for prevention and treatment of the common cold

Dr Penny Palmer, Executive Producer of ABC TV's Catalyst, looks back at her time working with Michael Mosley at the BBC in the early 2000s.

Making health new this week, could a common type-2 diabetes treatment also help in the fight against some cancers?And, two research papers examine the most effective way to treat sepsis.

The latest health news, including promising developments in the treatment of skin cancer and prostate cancer. Also, an update on the various bird flu strains circulation as Mexico records a death from H5N2. And a new discovery sheds light on the cause of inflammatory bowel disease. ReferencesAvian Influenza A (H5N2) - MexicoLong-Term Outcomes in Patients Using Protocol-Directed Active Surveillance for Prostate CancerNeoadjuvant Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Resectable Stage III MelanomaA disease-associated gene desert directs macrophage inflammation through ETS2

About 1 in 5 Australians suffer with migraine, a complex and often debilitating condition.While there is no cure, migraines can be managed. However it can take a long time for people to find an approach that works for them, which is why experts want to make that journey easier. GuestLorraine GrahamAssociate Professor Susan Tomlinson, neurologist

We know that exercise is good for us, but what is going on at the cellular level to explain it?New research hints at what exercise is doing to the brain cells of mice to keep them mentally fit.GuestAssociate Professor Jana Vukovic, University of QueenslandReferencesExercise rejuvenates microglia and reverses T cell accumulation in the aged female mouse brain

In a climate changed world, we're bound to experience hotter days with more frequency. There are physical health implications, but there are mental health consequences as well. GuestDr Taylor Braund, UNSW Black Dog InstituteReferencesAmbient maximum daily temperature and mental health‐related presentations to a western Sydney emergency department, 2015–2019: analysis of hospital and meteorological data

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including a little-known predictor of heart disease. This under-tested type of blood fat could be driving heart diseaseYou can email us at [email protected]

The latest health news, including new research on how effective our COVID-19 vaccinations are, especially at keeping people out of hospital and preventing death. 

For the first time in 15 years, breast cancer screening is undergoing a review in Australia.A report has recommended updating the assessment protocol and incorporating newer imaging technologies.

The earlier blood sugar levels are normalised in type 2 diabetes, the fewer complications a person will go on to have.

Stem cells have long held the the promise of revolutionising medicine. They're taking a while to deliver on the promise, but two new studies have brought us a little closer.One combats the life-threatening rejection disease that many bone marrow donation recipients develop ... using a different type of stem cell.The other looks at using someone's own blood to generate a 'patch' that could replace the need for a heart transplant. What's more, a key ingredient of keeping the patch going comes from silkworms.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including research into allergies in adulthood. Plus the "sick quitter" effect and a curious prescription given to the grandmother of one of our listeners... 

The latest health news, including the various bird flu outbreaks in Australia and the variants at play. Also the new, flirtatious subvariant of Omicron is on the rise.

As oral retinoids become more popular for the treatment of acne, there are concerns the message isn't getting through about the risk of getting pregnant while taking these medications. 

Researchers are hoping to combat the assumption that psychedelics might be 'safer' than other drugs. A new study has detailed the deaths of 43 people from either magic mushrooms or LSD between 2000 and 2023. 

There are things known to improve your mental wellbeing – keeping a routine, engaging in meaningful activity, making plans and connecting socially.So what happens when you cut back on those things?

It has long been thought that beta-amyloid is the trigger for Alzheimer's Disease.But now researchers are looking at an even earlier trigger that could lead to treatments that prevent the initial beta-amyloid cascade from ever being initiated.

The latest health news, including a decades long study looking into the health effects of menopausal hormone therapy. 

By measuring the rise and fall of antibodies in the blood, researchers have been able to predict the path ahead for some kids. 

Researchers have found a common trigger for VITT and a nearly identical disorder, providing new insights into vaccine development and autoimmune disease. 

You've probably heard stories about how fructose is somehow much worse than other sugars, even that it’s toxic … but is it true?

During pregnancy many mums are aware of the risks of soft cheeses and kitty litter, but a more common infection that can cause disability is much less known: cytomegalovirus.

The latest health news, including new standards of care for the use of psychotropic drugs in people with cognitive decline or disabilities. 

Researchers from Harvard found lesbian women died 20 per cent sooner than their heterosexual cohort, and bisexual women were even worse off, dying 37 per cent sooner.

These tiny plastics have the ability to cross biological barriers and cause havoc, but they're very hard to detect.Scientists are trying to overcome hurdles so we can find out how nanoplastics interact with the human body.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including some clarity of grief disorder, and the rules around organ donation.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including our bad maths and an explanation for why we're not stockpiling bird flu vaccines. 

Researchers have unpacked the optimal amount of time you should spend sitting versus standing for your health.

If you’ve spent much time in the wellness space these past few years, you’ve probably heard of Health At Every Size – a movement that prioritises healthy habits over the size or shape of your body.But while many people have found it freeing, a new review of the evidence shows that, at least when it comes to measures like cholesterol and blood pressure, it’s not enough on its own.Laureate Professor Clare Collins is from the University of Newcastle.

Researchers have found a possible link between iron and long-COVIDHow long before that big overseas trip should you get your COVID booster?And how a plant based diet may be a positive step with a prostate cancer diagnosis.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, featuring "stoolgazing" and when to collect your own samples… or not.You can email us at [email protected]

Each year the flu vaccine is reformulated to target the current strains of influenza A and B that are circulating globally — but what if it didn't need to be?Melbourne researchers have identified consistent fragments from influenza B that could tell your immune system how to recognise all varieties of that virus.Professor Katherine Kedzierska, from the Doherty Institute says, while their research is exciting, the current annual vaccination is the best defence against both influenza A and B.

For people with irritable bowel syndrome, one of the most common interventions is an elimination diet to try to identify a trigger.  But that diet might carry its own risk – of triggering disordered eating – a new study warns.Dr Caroline Tuck is a senior lecturer in dietetics at Swinburne University

While grief effects everyone differently, a small group of people can find themselves 'stuck' in intense grief.It's not depression, it's known as prolonged grief disorder.UNSW Professor Richard Bryant and his team compared cognitive behaviour therapy with mindfulness and found that while they both work in the short term, CBT is more impactful for long term recovery.

How much does the average Australian know about preventing dementia?Avian influenza particles have been detected in milk supply in the US, is it safe?And it seems COVID treatment recommendations vary from country to country and not all of them are effective, so why doesn't everyone follow the World Health Organisation guidelines?

Prison is considered a dangerous place, but globally the risk of dying in the first week of release is surprisingly high.Australian researchers are calling for increased health support for recently released prisoners and Professor Rohan Borschmann, from the University of Melbourne, says improvements to health care within the prison system are also needed.

Bras and knees. You might not think they have much to do with each other.But it turns out that wearing the right bra might actually reduce a woman's risk of a serious knee injury.Women are far more likely to tear their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) than men and the results can be catastrophic.

A look at some of the Health Report correspondence this week, including age restrictions for bone marrow donors, celebrating neurodiversity, and intermittent fasting.You can email us at [email protected]

Having kids ages you, according to new research. And not just because of the sleep deprivation and stress.Pregnancy has been linked to accelerated biological ageing — in simple terms, how old your cells are.And researchers found the more pregnancies a person has, the older they get.Calen Ryan is from the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University.

Recently updated World Health Organisation guidelines say babies as young as six months can start drinking cow’s milk rather than infant formula – that could be a good thing if you have challenges accessing safe drinking water, but in Australia it goes against the national guidelines.Associate Professor Rachel Laws, from Deakin University’s Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, says it could be confusing messaging for Australian parents.

Trauma can be a complex thing to tackle. It can present in many different ways depending on the cause (or causes) and the person themselves.Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a common tool used in many circumstances, but is it effective for everyone?A new review has looked into how CBT impacts a range of young people who’ve experienced trauma.

Researchers look at the possible influence of gender for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.Calculating just how many lives were saved by the Covid-19 vaccines.And how to spot a fake Dr Karl, or Dr Swan, in the wilds of social media marketing.

Around 80% of bone marrow transplants in Australia rely on overseas donations, increasing costs and the time it takes to find a match.The Federal Government has recently released more funds to build the local donor system in Australia… but is it enough?

A needle-free vaccine sprayed under the tongue could prevent UTIs from occurring. In a long-term observational study, more than half of the participants remained UTI-free nine years after receiving the drug.MV140 contains heat-inactivated bacteria from four of the major species that cause UTIs. Also, new research on the time of day you exercise, and what it could mean for your health.

UK's approach to gender affirming care has come under massive scrutiny off the back of two reviews into the system.  However experts here are warning that applying these findings to Australia, misses important context. Associate Professor Elizabeth Scott explains what she sees on a day-to-day basis caring for children as a psychiatrist. And Professor Ian Hickie explains how Australia is already delivering the multi-disciplinary care that the UK reviews suggest. 

A new UNSW-led international study has assessed the levels of PFAS contamination in surface and ground water around the globe.It found that much of our global source water exceeds PFAS safe drinking limits. Professor Denis O'Carroll, senior author of the study, takes us through the findings. And we discuss the potential health risks of PFAS exposure. 

Bladder cancer is common, but it doesn’t get much attention.Safe and effective treatments are needed to treat this cancer early, with fewer negative side effects.As Professor Dickon Hayne explains, a first-in-human trial has injected a type of immunotherapy directly into the bladder to attack tumours, with some early success.

Your doctor's just told you you're going to need a medical procedure, and you pat yourself on the back for paying those private health insurance premiums for all those years. But on closer inspection you realise – you're not covered for the procedure after all.Private health reforms mean coverage is a lot easier to navigate than it used to be but there are still acres of fine print and people getting caught out. You'll hear from two people who discovered too late they weren't covered, who are both asking the question — how could the system improve so the same thing doesn't happen to others?

This week in health news a look at how cows in the US are catching bird flu.What's new on the menu for flu vaccinations this year.And could GLP-1s, commonly recognised by brand names like Ozempic and Mounjaro, be used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and the prevention of some cancers?

It's not the apple a day keeping some people away from the doctors' office.For up to 60% of Australian adults reading a medication label, instructions on their referral, or filling in the forms in the waiting room can present a challenge to their literacy levels.That avoidance of early care means a higher chance of ending up in the emergency department.Vanessa Iles from the Reading and Writing Hotline says the pandemic highlighted the issue when many people found their usual support networked in locked down and unable to assist.At Counterpoint community centre in Sydney Grant Nair says his staff are regularly helping clients who need support to complete medical referrals and submit medical histories and reports online.There were many lessons learned from COVID-19, says Professor Kirsten McCaffery at Sydney University's Health Literacy Lab, but they need to be more widely implemented.

New technology is allowing researchers to look beyond standard autopsy results to investigate viruses and inflammation to point to possible causes of some cases of SIDS.Dr Robin Haynes from the Boston Children's Hospital, working in part with Australian charity River's Gift, identified specific viruses and inflammation of the brain stem in some cases.

mRNA became a part of the vernacular during the pandemic, but it's not just for COVID vaccines.Dr Rebecca Nisbet at the Florey Institute is using mRNA to target proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Thousands of babies at risk of respiratory syncytial virus will be better protected as cases surge. New South Wales and Queensland are following WA's lead with new RSV vaccine programs for vulnerable infants. Also making health news this week, a drop in PBS subsidised opioid use and a new therapy for a deadly genetic disease in kids. 

Colorectal cancer is happening more often and in younger people, but why?Part of the answer might have to do with the microbiome.Researchers at University of Melbourne have identified a particular strain of bacteria that causes DNA damage that leads to cancer.Associate Professor Daniel Buchanan explains what this means – and whether this information could help people better protect themselves.

Anaemia is a common condition where there's not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body's tissues.It can cause debilitating symptoms, including tiredness, weakness and shortness of breath. For the first time in 50 years the World Health Organization has revised its guidelines for diagnosis. Professor Sant-Rayn Pasricha from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute says a global consensus to define anaemia will improve treatment.

We spend 90 per cent of our time indoors but the quality of the air we breathe while we're there is largely unregulated.It's something experts have been wanting to change for two decades, but came into the spotlight during the pandemic as people realised COVID was airborne.Professor Lidia Morawska is the lead author of paper in the journal Science that provides a framework for ensuring safer indoor air quality standards.

Three scientific papers looking at ADHD: research into the risk of death from unnatural causes like accidents; medication for ADHD and potential cardio vascular disease; and the likelihood of developing dementia.And new vaping legislation and lung cancer screening that's been presented to parliament.

In this small study, brain cancer tumours shrank rapidly in the first few days when treated with chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR, T cells injected into the fluid around the brain.While some tumours returned in time, Dr Marcela Maus, from Harvard Medical School, says it's a proof of concept that requires further study.

There’s a glaring lack of data about new cancer treatments, like immunotherapy, and their effects on women’s reproductive organs and fertility.Reporter Lauren Roberts has been speaking to cancer patients and researchers to find out why this has been overlooked

Suicidal thoughts are more common than researchers expected in people who do not fit with conventional diagnoses of depression or other psychiatric disorders.Dr Maria Oquendo, from the university of Pennsylvania, says changes are needed to broaden suicide risk screening and emergency department response.

Numbers of alcohol related deaths may have been under reported because past abuse isn't captured when a reformed-drinker dies.It's called the 'sick quitter effect', where someone is no longer drinking at the time of their death, because previous harm has convinced them to stop.Dr Peter Sarich from the Daffodil Centre says this can create biased results.

It's the ultra-processed milk powder intentionally marketed as a follow-on to breastfeeding or infant formulae.But evidence suggests toddler or transition milks are unnecessary at best and harmful at worst.Anthea Rhodes, a paediatrician at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, says parents are being tricked into thinking their toddlers need the products.The toddler milk category has been booming over the past two decades, according to Deakin University nutrition researcher Jennifer McCann.While Jane Martin, executive manager of Food for Health Alliance, says the health concerns and marketing strategies are not limited to milks.

Queensland's Chief Health Officer says the term "long-COVID" should be scrapped, saying its use implies there's something unique about longer term symptoms associated with COVID infection.Queensland Health research, due to be presented to a European conference in late April, found that a year after infection there was no evidence of worst post-viral symptoms if infected by COVID-19 when compared with influenza or other respiratory illnesses.It's an area of research that is contested, with different definitions of what long-COVID is and different ways data is collected.Dr Norman Swan and Tegan Taylor talk about the study and add a bit of context as to what research has come before, and what this might mean from people who report long-COVID symptoms months and years after infection.

A 62-year-old man in Germany—called HIM—deliberately  received 217 vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 within a period of 29 months. Researchers were keen to know more.

Sleep has become a bit of an obsession and has us questioning just how much we need. A large study has compared participants' duration of sleep against their risk of Type 2 Diabetes. The researchers also assessed whether participants' diet could reduce the risk in people with short duration sleep.

In pop culture and news coverage menopause and mood changes seem inextricably linked—to the point where depression around menopause feels almost inevitable. A special series on menopause has just been published in the Lancet, with one paper specifically on mental health.

In hospital emergency rooms emotions can run high, and tempers can get frazzled, which is confronting for both staff and other patients.But now student staff are using virtual reality and ChatGPT to learn how to calm situations right down.

In hospital emergency rooms emotions can run high, and tempers can get frazzled, which is confronting for both staff and other patients.But now student staff are using virtual reality and ChatGPT to learn how to calm situations right down.Producer:Shelby TraynorGuests: Martin Brown, FMH Media Lab, University of SydneyDr Caryl Barnes, psychiatrist

Two scientific papers regarding Mifespristone have been retracted due to uncertainty about the data.Less Australians are smoking—but more of them are vaping.Hosts: Dr Norman Swan and Tegan Taylor

Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of global disability, and although medication and psychotherapy are effective, many people are resistant to treatment. So more evidence-based treatments are needed, and exercise looks like a candidate. But, the guidelines for which type of exercise works best need to be clearer.

For a country as sunny as Australia, skin cancer is a major health risk. But access to proper cancer screening and treatment is falling short, especially in regional areas in some of our highest-risk areas, such as Far North Queensland.

Sarcoidoisis is an enigmatic condition that may attack different parts of the body. Diagnosis is difficult and there are few treatments. SARI (the Sarcoidosis Advocacy and Research Initiative) at UNSW, is a new approach for Australian sarcoidosis patients to gain recognition, support, and management of the condition.

News this week is The Government response to the long COVID inquiry, which looked into how many Australians are living with long COVID and what could be done to support them.And, a report on fine particulates in the air, and their relationship with coronary heart disease.

A heart health check usually results in a cardiovascular disease risk score—a probability that you’ll have a heart attack or stroke in the next five years. If your risk is high, you’ll be asked to review your diet or lifestyle, or be prescribed medications to reduce your risk.But change can be difficult, so a study has tested whether showing people actual pictures of the plaque inside their arteries is more persuasive than a simple risk score—and been successful.

A senior cardiologist calls it The Hidden Killer, and it may contribute to about 50% of heart attacks, especially people who may be younger and with relatively normal cholesterol levels. It’s called Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a). It’s rarely measured, and entirely separate from cholesterol levels. Neither is it affected by lifestyle and has the same level throughout a person’s life—so only one test is needed.

We know that people who spend time in prison are more likely to have both physical and mental health problems, but new data is showing that, for children, any contact with the criminal justice system means they’re more likely to die earlier and have health problems of every kind.

Insomnia: what kind of therapy and/or behaviour changes are more likely to work?New advice on sun exposure that reflects Australia's diverse population -- previous guidelines have been about limiting exposure which is generally good advice for people who are white, but it's not universal

Low-carb diets have grabbed a lot of attention because they promise weight loss and improved health. There are several different ways people reduce their carbs and not all have the same results.

Diet is important for health, but foods high in sodium are a risk factor for high blood pressure, and stomach cancer. But it’s difficult to reduce sodium in the diet if a food is produced with high levels of it.

In early 2022, after nearly two years of the COVID pandemic, doctors started to notice another alarming trend: severe and unexpected liver disease in children all over the world. Questions grew about whether it was caused by COVID, an adenovirus, a combination or something else entirely. Researchers have pulled together data from 33 countries to try to solve the mystery.

Some activities really make us feel good—like working up a sweat, preparing a healthy meal with lots of veggies, or spending time connecting with other people. So might it be possible for a doctor to prescribe such activities, instead of medications?

Getting a diagnosis for autism for a child or adolescent is a series of complicated and oftentimes expensive hoops to jump through—and it’s even harder for adults.

Many children will spend most of their first five years in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services and rely on them for much of their nutrition and brain development.A groundbreaking study from the Queensland Brain Institute has found serious deficiencies in the amount and quality of food.

In the UK, while King Charles received a cancer diagnosis. It was detected while he was receiving treatment for an enlarged prostate, but the diagnosis is not prostate cancer. There's speculation on what else it might be.And we learned that UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has a fasting regimen. Does it matter which fasting pattern we follow?

It's been noticed that there's a peak for asthma hospitalisations, visits to the doctor, and emergency presentations in February, about the time that school goes back. The asthma needs to be brought under proper medical control.

The addictive painkiller fentanyl has swept through the USA—but its effects haven’t been as big in Australia. Why? It’s not necessarily something we’ve done right. Global drug trends could see that change so now is the time to introduce health measures.

We know that vaccination against COVID-19 can save lives. We also know that it reduces the risk of severe disease that require hospital visits. But by how much?

An early form of breast cancer—ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)—is often found by women themselves, not as part of screening programs.

The power and potential pitfalls of AI in medicine have been the topic for much debate, but one field where it’s already having an impact is radiology.

We all see the world differently, but a percentage of us have sensory superpowers. Welcome to the world of Synaesthesia where you can taste colours and feel sounds.

Last year there was a Senate report into the state of dental care in Australia, and like a visit to the dentist—it wasn’t a fun read.

Opioids are commonly prescribed to patients who have cancer to help them with pain, but the drugs are not risk free and can have their downsides.A new review has found that sometimes strong opioid pain relief for cancer doesn’t work, and worse, sometimes aspirin or a placebo could be more effective.

The drug name semaglutide has become a popular substance to solve all our ills. But it’s not just semaglutide, there’s a class of drugs called GLP-1 agonists which have been used for weight loss, as well as an actual medication.

Back pain affects so many people – but doctors find that while some people recover quickly, other continue to suffer in silence and agony. So what can be done to help? A new review hopes to fill in some of the gaps.

Back pain affects so many peoplebut doctors find that while some people recover quickly, other continue to suffer in silence and agony. So what can be done to help? A new review hopes to fill in some of the gaps.

It wasn't just you - the Christmas holiday brought a definite spike in COVID.And it's the JN.1 variant that's dominating.With a new subvariant brings a whole bunch of questions: does it cause more severe disease and do our vaccinations still work? 

There are many infections preventable with a vaccine, but polio still exists, and Australia has imported measles. The latest immunisation report from the National Centre For Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) suggests that vaccination in children is decreasing.

It's the term used to describe all kinds of chance, accidental findings that turn up on scans. They might be useful and informative—but not always because any intervention to follow them up may cause additional harm. So, if that happens, how best to proceed?

The shock of a cancer diagnosis is familiar for far too many people.But when Na'ama Carlin was diagnosed with breast cancer, her health wasn't the only consideration. If you're in need of support you can contact Mummy's Wish or Hope for Two.

It’s called ‘young onset’ dementia if diagnosed before the age of 65 - and can occur while people are still caring for kids and supporting a household, and it can also take time to be identified. We talk with people who have been given this news, and to researchers looking to improve diagnosis and care.

We think breastfeeding is quite natural, but it doesn’t always come easily, and some issues—such as Breastfeeding Aversion Response (or BAR)—are still under-researched. BAR can happen anytime, but  has been especially noted in women who are pregnant while still feeding an older baby.

Drug use has been increasing, whether it be cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens or ketamine. That includes recreational use and substance abuse.So it begs the question: Has criminalising drugs ever worked? And what needs to be done to drive down the harms associated with this increasing drug use?If you're in need of support, you can contact the National Alcohol and Other Drug hotline on 1800 250 015, or contact Counselling Online. CreditsAbigail Leeder, ReporterShelby Traynor, Producer

A new kind of ADHD clinic is cashing in on surging demand for diagnoses — and promising salaries of more than $900,000 to recruit psychiatrists.

Given the choice between a ChatGPT bot or a real doctor, a panel of health care professionals found the bot's responses were both more empathetic and gave higher quality information.

More and more people are tackling the bracing discomfort of ice bath sessions, cropping up around the country. There are several touted benefits ... but also some serious risks. Norman chills out at Bronte Beach and see what all the fuss is about.First broadcast in February 2023.

Researchers observed the cardiac and neural signals from a small number of ICU patients at the point when ventilatory support was withdrawn. The EEC and EKG monitors recorded the quite new phenomena of electrical activity in a particular area of the brain. It leads to greater speculation about what happens to the brain as we die, and the need for more investigation.First broadcast in June 2023.

Keeping up the energy to exercise isn't always easy, and can be even more difficult for people recovering from a traumatic brain injury. Their exercise plan can either set them back, or promote recovery, so Sydney's Liverpool Hospital developed a program using gaming to spur on these patients.First broadcast in September 2023.

Feeling dissatisfied with the way you look is a pretty familiar experience for most of us, but for some people the self-criticism becomes an obsession affecting quality of life and relationships. It's called body dysmorphic disorder, or BDD. It's relatively common but under-recognised.

As we head for what might be a high-salt holiday, a new study shows that most people can benefit from reducing their salt intake, to improve their blood pressure and so reduce the risk of heart attack, atrial fibrillation, stroke, dementia, and kidney damage.

A few months ago the program there was a story on an under-recognised cause of high blood pressure called primary aldosteronism. It's easy to test for but not often front of mind. It makes people very sensitive to salt, and on hearing the story, one listener asked her doctor to be tested.

An area of healthcare that might be a candidate for reform is how Australia subsidises its drugs. We could possibly consider what New Zealand's PHARMAC does, and conduct a competitive tender to supply the national market.

CAR-T cell therapy is a type of cancer immunotherapy often offered to patients when other treatments have not worked. However, the US Food and Drug Administration is investigating reports that this therapy could actually cause cancer.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly gathering speed in all sectors—including healthcare.  Australian experts believe that we need to all be on the same page, with a national plan for safe and ethical use.

If you or someone you know is living with a complex or unresolved mental health issue, it can mean a GP referral to a psychiatrist. In last week's program. A response from the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

One of the most toxic risk factors for your heart, kidneys, and brain is raised blood pressure—also known as hypertension. But many people don't know what their blood pressure is, are unaware of the risks, or don't stick to their treatment.

We know that for some health conditions women are more likely to have a worse time than men. But for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the chances of a woman sustaining an injury are up to 6 or even 10 times as likely as men. And the cause is probably not something to do with women's fragile bodies, or flawed biology—but cultural factors. 

When someone has a complex or severe mental health issue, the specialist they really need is a psychiatrist - if only for an opinion so that they can advise your GP or psychologist. However, GPs are finding it increasingly more difficult to track down a psychiatrist who will accept their patients.

There are eerily familiar clusters of respiratory infections being reported across China.It's understood that there's been a surge of children at children's hospitals with cases of influenza; respiratory syncytial virus—causing bronchiolitis in children; COVID-19; and the bacterial infection mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Health news this week ... includes COVID as the "eighth wave" is cresting.And drugs much discussed all year are the GLP-1 agonists, such as Ozempic—which treat diabetes, and effective for weight loss. New studies have tested them to protect against cardiovascular disease

In 2016 Australia legalised cannabis for medicinal use, and now the Greens party are advocating for its recreational use as well. They believe it would mean less people in the criminal justice system, and more tax revenue. But the Australian Medical Association say that legalising cannabis would send the wrong message. We have a lot of data from countries where cannabis is legal, so how do we best weigh it up?

Antimicrobial resistance has been described as an emerging public health emergency. A major cause is overuse of antibiotics and other drugs to combat microbes, like fungi. The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare recently released its fifth report on antimicrobial use and resistance in human health, and there are high levels of antimicrobial use in hospitals—and an emergence of resistant organisms.

When a baby is born premature time is of the essence, and the idea of slowing things down in those first few moments seems counter-intuitive. However, a pair of new studies has shown that when it comes to cutting the umbilical cord, slowing down really matters.

ADHD has become a prominent topic over the last few years, and with now thousands of people seeking an assessment. In March 2023 a senate inquiry was set up to review how those people were being helped—or not. The result is that we could be doing much better, and the Government has now three months to respond.

The ABC Birth Project was launched about a year ago. It invited people to share their experiences of birth in Australia—with the idea of highlighting which parts of the system had room to improve. And, judging by the thousands of submissions received, there's plenty of scope.

Yellow Fever—also known as Yellow Jack—was first described in the 17th Century as Europeans colonised Africa and the New World. It's spread by mosquitoes, and some U.S. researchers say that it's ripe for a comeback, especially given some aspects of climate change. Unfortunately, the same species of mosquito that spread it are already either in Australia, or our very near neighbours, like Papua New Guinea.

The latest report on what we're spending on health in Australia has offered a clear picture of what COVID has actually cost, and its overall cost to the health system. So how does Australia measure up, internationally?

The amount of sleep people need is a popular topic of debate. And then sometimes we push the boundaries anyway: going to bed late, rising early, and dozing off during the day. But for some people, dozing off in daily life can signal a rare condition called narcolepsy—a disorder of the brain's sleep-wake cycles, and it can play havoc with their lives.

In one 24-hour day-night period our body undergoes a number of carefully-timed changes. The cycle overall is called our circadian rhythm, and it's linked to not only body processes but our mental health, memory, and ability to think as well.

One question asked following COVID-19 was whether high doses of intravenous vitamin C could fight the virus. Two randomised controlled trials showed almost no benefit. Vitamin C in food is an antioxidant and reduces oxidative stress in the body, but high doses of it work differently to what's in food—becoming, instead, a pro-oxidant, speeding up oxidative stress. However, because of that, it could help the treatment effects of chemotherapy for cancer.

A day dealing with a hospital is a big one, especially when you’re giving birth, or are born. In Victoria, researchers have been watching how COVID and lockdowns affected birth there. Some adaptations have persisted, for better or worse, well past the lockdown phases—including shorter hospital stays after birth.

Blood cancers often affect people younger than the average person who develops cancer, and Australian and New Zealand haematologists have been pioneers in trialling new treatments—this year marking the 50th anniversary of the clinical trial group that coordinates studies.

Arthritis of the hands is common, painful, and a bit of a mystery. It can be due to a so-called auto-immune disorder, like rheumatoid arthritis, but that's not usually the cause, and often doctors say it's osteoarthritis. Although it doesn't behave like it and can be hard to treat. A consortium of researchers have trialled a drug commonly used for rheumatoid arthritis, and found some benefit.

Two of the most common causes of death in Australia, and globally, are stroke and dementia. And they're related. One of the causes of stroke is atrial fibrillation—an abnormal heart rhythm—it may also cause dementia. One of the ways to treat atrial fibrillation is by catheter ablation, which either freezes or cauterises the areas in the heart that are causing the abnormal rhythm. It's been noticed that atrial fibrillation reduces the risk of dementia. Catheter ablation has also been shown to reduce psychological distress—when compared with drug therapy.

Faecal microbe (or poo) transplants are something we've talked about on the program, but until recently, they haven't really been widely available. And actually, the product is created in Australia. One of the big challenges with the transplants is culturing the microbes so you don't need a donor every time you transplant.

The health system in Australia has to look after and manage many medical conditions, and do this effectively means a strong reliance on general practitioners and their communication systems. Australia is to participate in a survey of the experiences of patients in general practice who have a chronic illness.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an extreme form of anxiety caused by the laying down of bad memories when someone is caught up in a dangerous or threatening situation. PTSD is characterised by a range of symptoms, including hyper vigilance, flash backs, nightmares, flat mood, and avoidance of situations which might trigger bad feelings. Psychotherapy is effective but treatment can be lengthy and involve several sessions, so a new treatment has been developed where people with PTSD write about their experience, and their thoughts and feelings around the memory.

Having your blood pressure checked at the doctor's or hospital is one of the basics of health care. It used to be that the doctor or nurse listened for the pulse through a stethoscope as the cuff was released. Nowadays the process is automated, and a recent trial has drawn attention to a significant and possibly unexpected source or error with this automated method: the size of the cuff, relative to the thinness or thickness of your upper arm.

For people with cancer, being offered a place in a clinical trial can provide hope of a better outcome, and mean contributing to knowledge that could save other lives. But trial participants are far less likely to be from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds than the general population, and the imbalance should be corrected.

Australians will soon vote to change the Australian Constitution in order to recognise First Nations people—a vote called the Voice to Parliament. When it comes to health, there's a strong evidence base for the Voice and a few weeks ago I spoke with two key people in this field. The conversation got a big audience response, so in this week of the Referendum we've decided to replay it in a slightly edited form.  

Over the past two decades, deaths from cardiovascular disease for those with diabetes have gone down, but revealing other trends, which are important to understand when 1 in 20 Australians have type 1 or 2 diabetes. So which are becoming more obvious?

3D printing is becoming an incredibly versatile modern tool—there’s scope  in engineering, manufacturing, architecture and design—as well as in several aspects of health care. Today we tour the Herston Biofabrication Institute—part of the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital—where clinicians, academics, and industry work together in a state of the art facility.

In the hope of having you in as good a shape as possible before major surgery, many surgeons will send you for a pre-operative assessment by a physician. A huge Canadian study suggests - counter-intuitively - that it can do the opposite.

We don't want to give kids unnecessary antibiotics, but one reason for prescribing them when a child has persistent cold symptoms is that it could be a sinus infection: sinusitis. US researchers conducted a randomised trial in children with a diagnosis of sinusitis to see which kids might benefit from antimicrobial treatment.

If a child faints it's mostly what's called a 'vasovagal episode', and really only a worry when it causes an injury. But it could be an abnormality of the electrical conduction system in the heart, called congential Long QT syndrome. Kids with it are at increased risk of a life-threatening cardiac event later in life. A clue is what triggers a faint or a black out, and may help parents recognise congential long QT as a possibility and have their child checked.

Digital technology can help in rehabilitation. And what about pre-hab—which can prevent knee replacement? Some hospitals like to keep you in for rehab, but the evidence suggests you do as well if you go home soon after the surgery. A trial solution is to use digital technologies, such as exercise apps, fitness trackers and remote coaching online.

Workers on a fly-in-fly-out (FIFO) contract can suffer irregular sleep patterns due to long shifts and accommodation that's not always the most conducive for sleeping. But there's not a great deal of research on how their physical and mental health is affected.

There may be quite good reasons why people haven't had a good night's sleep—for example, if they have young children or noisy neighbours. But for another group of people, the disruption comes from their inner experiences, as happens with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The scientific field of circadian medicine is aiming to learn more about our sleep-wake cycle, and how that in turn helps maintain mental and physical health.

Mistakes made in medical diagnoses have been called the 'underwater iceberg' of healthcare. They can be hidden from view, but a large study has now measured the problem and given a better idea of what's going on.

A group of islands in the Caribbean has a population of monkeys who like to swipe tourists' drinks, and because of that they're helping researchers know more about addiction. It involves a hot new class of weight loss drugs: GLP-1 agonists, or  Semaglutide.

Keeping motivated to exercise can be difficult, but for people getting over a traumatic brain injury it's even more so. Exercise can either set them back, or promote recovery, so Sydney's Liverpool Hospital has developed a program using gaming to spur on these patients.

Held recently was probably Australia's first conference on Long COVID. It was sponsored by the Victorian Agency for Health Information and the Department of Health, who also funded a survey of people known to have had COVID, and assess the experiences and extent of those affected.

General practitioners can have a great positive effect on unhealthy behaviours when patients seek help for smoking or alcohol issues. But GPs may hesitate to approach a discussion about weight loss because of the risk of body shaming and stigma.

A worm infection can cause awful illness— the right type of worm in the right dosage may also have the potential to heal us.

Mexico has been a world leader in getting people to change unhealthy eating behaviours, and now they have implemented assertive labelling of processed foods using large octagonal warnings about excess calories, sugar, and fat if the unhealthy ingredients exceed globally agreed thresholds.

New research has been looking into—not just the risks of sitting which have already been pretty well described—but WHY it's bad

Women are being mislead by fertility tests which promote anti-Mullerian hormone—or AMH testing—which indicates how many eggs a woman has left, relative to her age. The tests are not designed for general screening in the community, and AMH levels do not say how fertile a woman is.

One of the side effects of having had babies and ageing in general is what used to be called prolapse—or uterine descent. Sometimes no treatment is necessary but there's been a debate among surgeons about which operation is best. Host: Dr Norman Swan Guest: Prof Helen O'Connell President of the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand

There's a story today about a new test for ovarian cancer.  For a long time there's been a search for a way to reliably detect this cancer early on. There is no such test and in fact the diagnosis needs to be made by surgery.

Also in health news is testosterone. Some men are prescribed testosterone-replacement therapy in middle age or older, but there's questions around how safe that is for their heart attack and stroke risk. A new study has shed a bit of light on it.

Cervical screening is usually something you want to get done and then not think of again until you get an appointment reminder. But in developing a screening program one woman—Mary Papanicolaou—did a test every day, for 21 years—it's what we now call the PAP test.

When it comes to sleep most people think that they should aim for seven or eight hours a night. But it turns out that what in fact matters more is the quality of that sleep: how well maintained it is through the night.

Cervical screening is usually something you want to get done and then not think of again until you get an appointment reminder. But in developing a screening program one woman—Mary Papanicolaou—did a test every day, for 21 years—it's what we now call the PAP test.

Norman and Tegan take physical activity seriously, and elected to measure how much they each do, by donning activity monitors. It began about eight months ago, in the depths of the Tasmanian central highlands. In the coming weeks we'll get to analyse the data.

Norman and Tegan take physical activity seriously, and elected to measure how much they each do, by donning activity monitors. It began about eight months ago, in the depths of the Tasmanian central highlands. In the coming weeks we'll get to analyse the data.

A new guideline has just been approved for doctors and women about a much misunderstood condition called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) It has profound metabolic effects on as many as one in eight women.

A new guideline has just been approved for doctors and women about a much misunderstood condition called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) It has profound metabolic effects on as many as one in eight women.

There's a growing body of evidence that short bursts of vigorous exercise can have significant metabolic effects on the body. It's been found that micro-bursts of vigorous physical activity can decrease the risks of developing various cancers.

There's a growing body of evidence that short bursts of vigorous exercise can have significant metabolic effects on the body, and it can decrease the risks of developing some cancers.

As part of National Science Week—this year on the theme of Sound and Noise—Tegan investigated the latest improvements in and access to cochlear implants, where the technology moves swiftly.

As part of National Science Week—this year on the theme of Sound and Noise—Tegan investigated the latest improvements in and access to cochlear implants, where the technology moves swiftly.

Australians are soon to vote on changing the Australian Constitution in order to recognise First Nations people—a vote called the Voice to Parliament. The Voice has health implications and we discuss its importance.

Australians are soon to vote on changing the Australian Constitution in order to recognise First Nations people—a vote called the Voice to Parliament. The Voice has health implications and we discuss its importance.

The remote community of Balgo in the Tanami Desert has many years of hunting for bush tucker, but the introduction of a western diet has had a had a disastrous effect on kidney health there. People must leave their Country if they want dialysis care, but things are changing.

The remote community of Balgo in the Tanami Desert has many years of hunting for bush tucker, but the introduction of a western diet has had a had a disastrous effect on kidney health there. People must leave their Country if they want dialysis care, but things are changing.

US Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell froze mid-sentence at a press conference—causing speculation about whether it was a stroke or epilepsy. It prompts the question: what should you do if you're with someone who has an episode like this? 

US Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell froze mid-sentence at a press conference—causing speculation about whether it was a stroke or epilepsy. It prompts the question: what should you do if you're with someone who has an episode like this? 

Metastatic cancer is the term for the spread of a cancer from a primary site to other parts of the body. There's no nationally consistent way of keeping track of how many cancer patients go on to develop metastatic cancer, and it needs more support.

Metastatic cancer is the term for the spread of a cancer from a primary site to other parts of the body. There's no nationally consistent way of keeping track of how many cancer patients go on to develop metastatic cancer, and it needs more support.

The treatment for rare cancers and some tumours can be challenging but a consortium of Australian cancer researchers has announced a program—called the PrOSPect Initiative—which offers 23,000 Australians with advanced or rare cancers the chance to be genetically profiled.

The treatment for rare cancers and some tumours can be challenging but a consortium of Australian cancer researchers has announced a program—called the PrOSPect Initiative—which offers 23,000 Australians with advanced or rare cancers the chance to be genetically profiled.

Regular aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure, and resistance training prevents progression to diabetes in people at risk. But new kinds of exercise programs have emerged, and the evidence on which kinds of exercise are best for lowering blood pressure is being updated.

Regular aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure, and resistance training prevents progression to diabetes in people at risk. But new kinds of exercise programs have emerged, and the evidence on which kinds of exercise are best for lowering blood pressure is being updated.

To assess the heart health and stroke risk factors of the population, Australian GPs and cardiologists have for a long time referred to a multi-generational study from the population of Framingham, Massachusetts—using that data in deciding on the prescription of cholesterol and blood pressure-lowering medications. But Framingham left out some key variables in risk detection in Australia and last week the Heart Foundation replaced it with a tool based on New Zealand and Australian populations.

To assess the heart health and stroke risk factors of the population, Australian GPs and cardiologists have for a long time referred to a multi-generational study from the population of Framingham, Massachusetts—using that data in deciding on the prescription of cholesterol and blood pressure-lowering medications. But Framingham left out some key variables in risk detection in Australia and last week the Heart Foundation replaced it with a tool based on New Zealand and Australian populations.

A risk factor for heart attacks and strokes is an abnormal heart rhythm, but it's easily missed, and why extended observations are necessary with a cumbersome and expensive device called a Holter monitor. To make things easier, and maintain accuracy, a study by clinicians and researchers at Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney has compared a simple finger electrode linked to your mobile phone against Holter monitoring.  

A risk factor for heart attacks and strokes is an abnormal heart rhythm, but it's easily missed, and why extended observations are necessary with a cumbersome and expensive device called a Holter monitor. To make things easier, and maintain accuracy, a study by clinicians and researchers at Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney has compared a simple finger electrode linked to your mobile phone against Holter monitoring.  

A process for the medical termination of pregnancy was previously only available to appropriately trained GPs. But this has changed and, from August 1, it will be open to all GPs and pharmacists who can prescribe the medication.

A process for the medical termination of pregnancy was previously only available to appropriately trained GPs. But this has changed and, from August 1, it will be open to all GPs and pharmacists who can prescribe the medication.

A common fracture in children comes from a fall onto an outstretched arm, which breaks the radius bone. Parents instinctively want to get an X-ray at the hospital, but, according to a randomised trial in Queensland and published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, an ultrasound can work just as well as an X-ray for most children.

A common fracture in children comes from a fall onto an outstretched arm, which breaks the radius bone. Parents instinctively want to get an X-ray at the hospital, but, according to a randomised trial in Queensland and published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, an ultrasound can work just as well as an X-ray for most children.

The artificial sweetener aspartame has made news, because of findings from a branch of the World Health Organisation called the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Norman discusses WHO's involvement in food safety, and their dietary guidelines.

The artificial sweetener aspartame has made news, because of findings from a branch of the World Health Organisation called the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Norman discusses WHO's involvement in food safety, and their dietary guidelines.

Treating mental illness with psychedelic drugs is being spoken about quite regularly these days.  Alongside is another promising treatment for severe depression—ketamine.

Treating mental illness with psychedelic drugs is being spoken about quite regularly these days.  Alongside is another promising treatment for severe depression—ketamine.

Many Australians are prescribed opioids as relief from back pain, despite risks of side effects and addition. But a world-first trial led by the University of Sydney has found that opioids don't offer significant benefit and the guidelines for their use need to be changed.

Many Australians are prescribed opioids as relief from back pain, despite risks of side effects and addition. But a world-first trial led by the University of Sydney has found that opioids don't offer significant benefit and the guidelines for their use need to be changed.

Many Australians are prescribed opioids as relief from back pain, despite risks of side effects and addition. But a world-first trial led by the University of Sydney has found that opioids don't offer significant benefit and the guidelines for their use need to be changed.

It's not uncommon for people to worry about memory loss, and the worry is not confined to an older age group. A recent study of twins from their late 30s to late 60s researched 'subjective memory'—how a person's perception of memory compared with how it performed when properly measured. The results are reassuring.

It's not uncommon for people to worry about memory loss, and the worry is not confined to an older age group. A recent study of twins from their late 30s to late 60s researched 'subjective memory'—how a person's perception of memory compared with how it performed when properly measured. The results are reassuring.

It's not uncommon for people to worry about memory loss, and the worry is not confined to an older age group. A recent study of twins from their late 30s to late 60s researched 'subjective memory'—how a person's perception of memory compared with how it performed when properly measured. The results are reassuring.

An analysis of labelling on sports foods – things like protein shakes and bars, carbohydrate gels, and pre-workout mixes – finds that the claims they make often don’t tally with the ingredient and energy panel,

An analysis of labelling on sports foods – things like protein shakes and bars, carbohydrate gels, and pre-workout mixes – finds that the claims they make often don’t tally with the ingredient and energy panel,

Strength training is the cornerstone of most athletes' regimes, but the guidelines that underpin it are overwhelmingly based on male data. So where does this leave female athletes looking to optimise every part of their training?

Strength training is the cornerstone of most athletes' regimes, but the guidelines that underpin it are overwhelmingly based on male data. So where does this leave female athletes looking to optimise every part of their training?

It’s called ‘young onset’ dementia if diagnosed before the age of 65 - and can occur while people are still caring for kids and supporting a household, and it can also take time to be identified. We talk with people who have been given this news, and to researchers looking to improve diagnosis and care.

It’s called ‘young onset’ dementia if diagnosed before the age of 65 - and can occur while people are still caring for kids and supporting a household, and it can also take time to be identified. We talk with people who have been given this news, and to researchers looking to improve diagnosis and care.

We think breastfeeding is quite natural, but it doesn’t always come easily, and some issues—such as Breastfeeding Aversion Response (or BAR)—are still under-researched. BAR can happen anytime, but  has been especially noted in women who are pregnant while still feeding an older baby.

We think breastfeeding is quite natural, but it doesn’t always come easily, and some issues—such as Breastfeeding Aversion Response (or BAR)—are still under-researched. BAR can happen anytime, but  has been especially noted in women who are pregnant while still feeding an older baby.

A look at some of the big stories in health over the last week or so, including: - the World Health Organisation's warning about toxic cough syrup, and 9 countries where it may have been on sale; - the approval in the U.S. of gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy; - in the U.S. there's a shortage of two common chemotherapy drugs; - junk food advertising

A look at some of the big stories in health over the last week or so, including: - the World Health Organisation's warning about toxic cough syrup, and 9 countries where it may have been on sale; - the approval in the U.S. of gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy; - in the U.S. there's a shortage of two common chemotherapy drugs; - junk food advertising

If you've ever had an injury or a surgery you've likely been prescribed an opioid. They're an important class of drug for pain relief, but need to be managed in order to avoid dependency on them. Some new prescribing guidelines have just been developed, which recommend an exit strategy from the first point of prescribing—and the need for better support infrastructure like pain clinics, especially in rural and remote Australia. Host: Tegan Taylor Guests: Janny Wale: Consumer advocate Assoc Prof Danijela Gnjidic Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy University of Sydney

If you've ever had an injury or a surgery you've likely been prescribed an opioid. They're an important class of drug for pain relief, but need to be managed in order to avoid dependency on them. Some new prescribing guidelines have just been developed, which recommend an exit strategy from the first point of prescribing—and the need for better support infrastructure like pain clinics, especially in rural and remote Australia. Host: Tegan Taylor Guests: Janny Wale: Consumer advocate Assoc Prof Danijela Gnjidic Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy University of Sydney

Parkinson's disease is caused by damage to groups of nerve cells in the brain, and leads to disabling muscle stiffness, tremor, and in some people, dementia. It's been suspected that this brain damage for some people was the result of chemical toxins—one of the probable culprits is a substance used to remove grease in industrial processes and, in the past, in dry cleaning. A huge study of US Marines has tightened the link further.

Parkinson's disease is caused by damage to groups of nerve cells in the brain, and leads to disabling muscle stiffness, tremor, and in some people, dementia. It's been suspected that this brain damage for some people was the result of chemical toxins—one of the probable culprits is a substance used to remove grease in industrial processes and, in the past, in dry cleaning. A huge study of US Marines has tightened the link further.

Having your tonsils out as a child used to be quite routine, but the realisation that the decision to have this surgery was often arbitrary and not worth the risk of complications drastically reduced the incidence of it in young children. But then what about adults with frequent sore throats? British authorities noticed an increase in tonsillectomy rates in young adults, accompanied by associated complications—which prompted a clinical trial to see whether the surgery was merited.

Having your tonsils out as a child used to be quite routine, but the realisation that the decision to have this surgery was often arbitrary and not worth the risk of complications drastically reduced the incidence of it in young children. But then what about adults with frequent sore throats? British authorities noticed an increase in tonsillectomy rates in young adults, accompanied by associated complications—which prompted a clinical trial to see whether the surgery was merited.

A recent bus crash in the Hunter Valley claimed 10 lives. Trying to make sense of such tragic events often prompts a reach for advice that sounds right, but might not be. People in the Singleton area were advised that talking is important, yet that advice is not supported by evidence, and may worsen a situation.

A recent bus crash in the Hunter Valley claimed 10 lives. Trying to make sense of such tragic events often prompts a reach for advice that sounds right, but might not be. People in the Singleton area were advised that talking is important, yet that advice is not supported by evidence, and may worsen a situation.

Therapy using psychedelic drugs is generally safe yet a review of its use found that adverse events were not properly assessed or not reported. Before we continue this type of therapy we need clearer clinician guidelines and to ensure that therapy recommendations are evidence-based.

Therapy using psychedelic drugs is generally safe yet a review of its use found that adverse events were not properly assessed or not reported. Before we continue this type of therapy we need clearer clinician guidelines and to ensure that therapy recommendations are evidence-based.

In Canada it's been 5 years since cannabis was legalised for non-medical, recreational use. Public health researchers have asked if this legalisation had health impacts if it was used during pregnancy—and if so, how those babies were affected.

In Canada it's been 5 years since cannabis was legalised for non-medical, recreational use. Public health researchers have asked if this legalisation had health impacts if it was used during pregnancy—and if so, how those babies were affected.

An Australian clinical trial found that a form of psychotherapy called Cognitive Functional Therapy could help people with chronic disabling low back pain.They recruited adults who'd had low back pain for more than three months which was limiting their physical activity.  

An Australian clinical trial found that a form of psychotherapy called Cognitive Functional Therapy could help people with chronic disabling low back pain.They recruited adults who'd had low back pain for more than three months which was limiting their physical activity.  

Researchers have observed the cardiac and neural signals from a small number of ICU patients at the point when ventilatory support was withdrawn. The EEC and EKG monitors recorded the quite new phenomena of electrical activity in a particular area of the brain. It leads to greater speculation about what happens to the brain as we die, and the need for more investigation.

Researchers have observed the cardiac and neural signals from a small number of ICU patients at the point when ventilatory support was withdrawn. The EEC and EKG monitors recorded the quite new phenomena of electrical activity in a particular area of the brain. It leads to greater speculation about what happens to the brain as we die, and the need for more investigation.

The topic of death is often seen as a conversational taboo, and shied away from. But the film Live The Life You Please sees the discussion about life-limiting diagnoses, and end of life care more positively. It shows how people have been able to speak about their feelings in difficult times, and discovered how they would like to live now.

The topic of death is often seen as a conversational taboo, and shied away from. But the film Live The Life You Please sees the discussion about life-limiting diagnoses, and end of life care more positively. It shows how people have been able to speak about their feelings in difficult times, and discovered how they would like to live now.

Governments like to fund initiatives that often sound terrific—but a big part of the equation is also to measure how well schemes have worked. Some of the funds might be better directed if evaluated in the same way as medications and some treatments.

Governments like to fund initiatives that often sound terrific—but a big part of the equation is also to measure how well schemes have worked. Some of the funds might be better directed if evaluated in the same way as medications and some treatments.

You probably know the Australian Government has general exercise recommendations for adults, but what if you're in a high risk group? Does that change the amount of activity you should be doing? At the moment there are no official guidelines, but new research suggests maybe there should be.

You probably know the Australian Government has general exercise recommendations for adults, but what if you're in a high risk group? Does that change the amount of activity you should be doing? At the moment there are no official guidelines, but new research suggests maybe there should be.

A recent study has looked at correlations between rates of (Australian) population obesity and searches online for anti-obesity and diabetes drugs—for a class of drugs called GLP-1 agonists. The authors wondered if one Australian state had a prevalence of obesity, how might that relate to these searches.

A recent study has looked at correlations between rates of (Australian) population obesity and searches online for anti-obesity and diabetes drugs—for a class of drugs called GLP-1 agonists. The authors wondered if one Australian state had a prevalence of obesity, how might that relate to these searches.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is perhaps the ‘poor cousin’ of cardio-vascular disease. PAD puts people at risk of heart attack, stroke and amputations, and a really disturbing review of what's known about it in women finds it to be underdiagnosed, undertreated, and to show itself when it's already severe and more likely to end up in an amputation.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is perhaps the ‘poor cousin’ of cardio-vascular disease. PAD puts people at risk of heart attack, stroke and amputations, and a really disturbing review of what's known about it in women finds it to be underdiagnosed, undertreated, and to show itself when it's already severe and more likely to end up in an amputation.

A new kind of ADHD clinic is cashing in on surging demand for diagnoses — and promising salaries of more than $900,000 to recruit psychiatrists.

A new kind of ADHD clinic is cashing in on surging demand for diagnoses — and promising salaries of more than $900,000 to recruit psychiatrists.

The World Health Organisation has advised against using artificial sweeteners for weight loss, because there's no long-term benefits and may even be increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. So what does this mean for Australian consumers? 

The World Health Organisation has advised against using artificial sweeteners for weight loss, because there's no long-term benefits and may even be increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. So what does this mean for Australian consumers? 

Australian research has found a link between diets high in ultra-processed foods and an increase in risk in depression. Australians do eat a lot of mass-produced and refined foods but until now this has not been fully assessed.

Australian research has found a link between diets high in ultra-processed foods and an increase in risk in depression. Australians do eat a lot of mass-produced and refined foods but until now this has not been fully assessed.

If healthcare were a country, it would be the fifth largest emitter in the world. But how do we reduce its environmental impact without compromising on health? A review has found there’s plenty possible – and to reduce low-value care-giving benefits to patients as well as the environment.

If healthcare were a country, it would be the fifth largest emitter in the world. But how do we reduce its environmental impact without compromising on health? A review has found there’s plenty possible – and to reduce low-value care-giving benefits to patients as well as the environment.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the FDA) have voted that when they meet formally at the end of May, approval goes forward for a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy—a disabling genetic disease.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the FDA) have voted that when they meet formally at the end of May, approval goes forward for a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy—a disabling genetic disease.

Post partum depression is a significant issue for both women and their babies, and it doesn't come out of the blue—depression can occur before or during pregnancy. A recent study has reported on an intervention in pregnant women with depression, using a particular form of therapy called interpersonal psychotherapy.

Post partum depression is a significant issue for both women and their babies, and it doesn't come out of the blue—depression can occur before or during pregnancy. A recent study has reported on an intervention in pregnant women with depression, using a particular form of therapy called interpersonal psychotherapy.

Child neglect leads to both later poor physical and mental health. In some cases, an one issue with a child’s physical symptoms can be an entry point to discover more about what’s going on overall.

Child neglect leads to both later poor physical and mental health. In some cases, an one issue with a child’s physical symptoms can be an entry point to discover more about what’s going on overall.

Would you wear protective eyewear to play tennis, badminton or Aussie Rules? It might not be quite the athleisure look you were imagining, but it could cut down considerably on serious eye injuries, according to a new study.

Would you wear protective eyewear to play tennis, badminton or Aussie Rules? It might not be quite the athleisure look you were imagining, but it could cut down considerably on serious eye injuries, according to a new study.

Given the choice between a ChatGPT bot or a real doctor, a panel of health care professionals found the bot's responses were both more empathetic and gave higher quality information.

Given the choice between a ChatGPT bot or a real doctor, a panel of health care professionals found the bot's responses were both more empathetic and gave higher quality information.

A study on the effect of hormonal contraception use suggests that a history of depression associated with it may be a risk indicator for postpartum depression; and point to a sub-group of women who are hormone sensitive. 

A study on the effect of hormonal contraception use suggests that a history of depression associated with it may be a risk indicator for postpartum depression; and point to a sub-group of women who are hormone sensitive. 

Lung cancer is the fifth most common cancer diagnosis, but the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. One reason is because it's found too late for the only curative treatment—surgery.  An earlier diagnosis might be made if those at risk are screened, with a CT scan of their lungs, and last week cancer Australia announced a lung cancer screening programme, which will start in 2025.

Lung cancer is the fifth most common cancer diagnosis, but the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. One reason is because it's found too late for the only curative treatment—surgery.  An earlier diagnosis might be made if those at risk are screened, with a CT scan of their lungs, and last week cancer Australia announced a lung cancer screening programme, which will start in 2025.

There are treatments available for women who struggle with menopause symptoms. But some experts argue over-medicalisation could be contributing to negative experiences.  

There are treatments available for women who struggle with menopause symptoms. But some experts argue over-medicalisation could be contributing to negative experiences.  

A large UK study following men with localised prostate cancer has found patients have more time than they think to weigh up treatment options. 

One woman's moving story of her terminal cancer diagnosis — likely the result of immunosuppressant treatment — has sparked conversation about life post-transplant.

From July 1 patients must have a referral to undergo cosmetic surgery. But there has been a mixed response to the incoming change. 

Personal assistant devices are out of reach for people in the deaf community. So researchers are working on a personal assistant fluent in Auslan. 

We rely on the environment for our most basic needs. A group of health professionals wants to highlight just how intertwined our fates are, following Australia's latest State of the Environment report. 

Vaping is on the rise among teenagers, and some are becoming dependent on the products. So what can you do to encourage your child to quit?

RSV is responsible for 100,000 deaths worldwide each year. A jab given to pregnant women could protect babies from severe disease. 

Drug use has been increasing, whether it be cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens or ketamine. That includes recreational use and substance abuse. So it begs the question: Has criminalising drugs ever worked? And what needs to be done to drive down the harms associated with this increasing drug use? If you're in need of support, you can contact the National Alcohol and Other Drug hotline on 1800 250 015, or contact Counselling Online.  Credits Abigail Leeder, Reporter Shelby Traynor, Producer

The shock of a cancer diagnosis is familiar for far too many people. But when Na'ama Carlin was diagnosed with breast cancer, her health wasn't the only consideration.  If you're in need of support you can contact Mummy's Wish or Hope for Two.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare blood cancer where the bone marrow overproduces red blood cells. 

Bypass is a common surgery for people living with coronary heart disease.  Arteries or veins from somewhere else in the body are used to bypass the narrowed or blocked pathways to the heart. However, even though arteries are considered much more durable than veins, rates of arterial grafts are lagging. 

While just one per cent of the population has schizophrenia, they make up 11 per cent of unexpected cardiac deaths in people under the age of 50.  People with schizophrenia are more likely to be alone when they suffer a cardiac event. It highlights isolation as a major issue for people with complex mental illness.

More people in more countries are now injecting drugs.  That's according to a global review looking at drug use, the harms of drug use and how countries are (or aren't) reducing those harms.  Australia is one of just a handful of nations with high coverage of proven harm reduction services, like syringe exchange programs and substitution treatments. 

Existing tests for prostate cancer can be imprecise and invasive.  Narrowing down the people most at risk for prostate cancer is important to avoid unnecessary biopsies — and the anxiety that comes along with them.   Could the answer to this screening conundrum be hidden in the genome?

Misinformation is rife when it comes to treatments for alopecia.  For some, it's easier to come to terms with hair loss than it is to trial several treatments with inconsistent results. While others are still searching for something that might work for them. So where do we stand on treatments for the autoimmune condition?

Australia's bone marrow donor registry (ABMDR) is using its own money for a cheek swab program to recruit local donors. The donor pool in Australia is small compared to other countries. The only way to join the registry here is through blood donation.  Most patients in need of a transplant have had to search for a match overseas, where countries have been using cheek swabs for over a decade. 

A prescription eye drop already available in Australia has been shown to slow the progression of myopia, otherwise known as short-sightedness.  Myopia is on the rise globally, with kids spending more time inside and on screens.  But a low dose of atropine drops could be an important intervention for at-risk kids to keep their eyes healthy. 

There are calls for vaping products to be banned unless they're being prescribed for the purpose of smoking cessation.  Vaping has become common practice for young Australians — many of whom are not initially aware they're getting hooked on nicotine.  While most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, that information is being left off packaging. 

Health outcomes are not just down to the individual.  The policies you live under, the economics of your society and your situation — even the social norms of your community — all shape physical and mental wellbeing. These inequalities are present from birth, but there are worthwhile interventions that might help close the health gap. 

The peak body for psychiatrists is racing to prepare safeguards ahead of the rescheduling of psybicilin and MDMA in July. It has been revealed the TGA went against the advice of its advisory committee, which strongly opposed the down-scheduling when it met last year. 

There's a renewed push to offer more women a procedure that could significantly drive down their risk of developing ovarian cancer.  Many types of ovarian cancer actually start in the fallopian tubes.  Removing the fallopian tubes, in a procedure called a salpingectomy, can be done during other operations like tubal ligation or a hysterectomy. 

It's a simple CT scan that can pick up your risk of heart attack or stroke.  Coronary calcium scoring measures the amount of calcified plaque inside the walls of your heart's arteries. Cardiologists are hoping it can be offered to more people, to identify and prevent heart disease before it strikes.  Guests: Brian Langskaill Professor Tom Marwick, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute 

Changes to the scheduling of psilocybin and MDMA will take effect in July.  The TGA's decision to allow their use for the treatment of depression and PTSD respectively has come under scrutiny.   We speak to one of the people in Australia doing work in this area, to get a sense of what the research community thinks of this controversial decision.  Guest: Professor Susan Rossell, research fellow at Swinburne's Centre for Mental Health

There isn't an aspect of the healthcare system COVID-19 hasn't touched, and that includes organ donation and transplantation. 

It's a condition estimated to affect some 300,000 Australians, but advocates are concerned many are falling through the cracks.

Screen time is only going up as our lives become more and more intertwined with technology. 

Producer Shelby Traynor has been collecting listener responses after Norman's trip to the ice bath. People are fond of cold-water swimming... and saunas.

An intriguing story about people who can't burp, and who are very keen to find a fix for their discomfort. There's a surprising treatment to unlock their gas — fortunately in a northerly direction.

It's understood that maternal immune activation — an increase in inflammatory markers during pregnancy — can lead to altered neurodevelopment in utero. It's hypothesised that this is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders in offspring later in life.  A study in Sweden has compared maternal and paternal immunodeficiencies, to work out whether this is the case for dads as well. 

Mind Medicine Australia responds to the TGA's approval of psychedelic compounds for treatment-resistant depression and PTSD.  The group wants to expand treatment options for people suffering with mental illness. But have all the safety issues been addressed?  Guest: Peter Hunt Chair, Mind Medicine Australia Host: Dr Norman Swan

Chronic, non-cancer-related pain is common and hard to treat. Pain killers are not effective, surgery can make it worse, and so alternate medications are often used—such as antidepressants—because of how they act on the brain, not because of the antidepressant effect. A group of researchers has compiled the available evidence their efficacy.

More and more people are tackling the bracing discomfort of ice bath sessions, cropping up around the country. There are several touted benefits ... but also some serious risks. Norman heads to Bronte Beach to chill, and check what all the fuss is about.

The Therapeutic Goods Administration recently approved the psychedelic compound psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression; and MDMA–or ecstasy–for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder. A group of researchers are uncomfortable with the decisions because the safety of these substances has not yet been proved.

A genetic form of diabetes can occur later in life—and doesn’t need to be managed with insulin? A pilot project has assessed the benefits of undertaking genetic testing early, to save costs in the health system, and save patients the side effects of unnecessary insulin injections.

You may not be a fan of spiders but one of Australia's deadliest could be your friend if you ever have a heart attack, or a stroke. A group from The University of Queensland and the Victor Change Cardiac Research Institute have found that a protein in the spider venom has the ability to stop heart cells dying. It could even help preserve organs prior to transplant.

Women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have long been looking for the reason why, and it may be thanks to what's called 'cognitive reserve'—brain heft built up through things like education and time in the workforce—which seems to protect against cognitive decline.

Australians will pay a lot to relieve the pain of arthritis—sometimes opting for unproven therapies using stem cells. Why does this happen?

Many maladies are linked to higher body weight, and losing a few kilos is often presented as an answer. But can it work for a whole population? Working with communities can prove a solution, looking at how food is presented, and for which particular age groups, such as children and adolescents—so that a healthy choice is easier to make.

A trial on providing a financial reward for obese people to achieve sustainable weight loss has proved successful—but the general health environment into which those people return must also be considered after a goal weight is achieved.

The rate of knee replacement surgery has been increasing—for the most part due to osteoarthritis. It's more common if you are heavier, and a study following the diet and lifestyles of over 24,000 Melburnians from early adulthood through to their early 60s found that if you'd been able to change the steady creep of kilos, and moved that trajectory downwards, one in three knee replacements might be avoided—at a saving of $373 million dollars each year.

The Strengthening Medicare Report was released recently, and while it's not yet government policy, the key recommendations concern changes to the digital health environment; solutions to problems in rural areas; access to affordable primary care; team-based care; voluntary patient registration; working to scope of practice; and modernising My Health Record. Also last week, the TGA approved the use of psilocybin and MDMA, insofar as psilocybin may be considered for treatment-resistant depression, and MDMA for treatment-resistant PTSD. But they're not easy solutions and will require co-ordination between clinicians and the manufacturers of these medications (as the TGA has not approved or registered psilocybin or MDMA medications).

Sarcomas are a broad group of cancer tumours. They're relatively rare but often difficult to treat and tend to appear in younger adults. A project at The Garvan Institute has been documenting the combination of genetic profile with family history of people with sarcomas, and the research team has found genes to aid early diagnosis. Guest: Prof David Thomas Head Genomic Cancer Medicine Garvan Institute of Medical Research Host: Dr Norman Swan

Organ donation is one of the great miracles of our time, but that's not to say it's easy. To be viable, a heart needs to be transplanted within four or five hours, and this is a huge logistical challenge for a country the size of Australia. But things are improving thanks to a new technology to prolong the viability of hearts. Guests: Alex Moroianu, heart transplant recipient Prof John Fraser Intensive care physician Prince Charles and St Andrews hospitals, Brisbane, Professor David McGiffin, Cardiothoracic surgeon

The prescription rate rose in recent years for medications to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder but was still below what's thought to be the extent of the condition. Anecdotally, more and more adults are being diagnosed and treated, but can those who need help access what can be expensive, high-quality assessment, and care. Note that the download for this segment is longer than that broadcast. Guests: Narika Dr Michele Toner ADHD coach Chair, Management board ADHD Western Australia Dr Dorgival Caetano Psychiatrist Medical Director, Sydney International ADHD Centre Hosts: Dr Norman Swan and Shelby Traynor

Our bodies are surely amazing and we're always making discoveries about them. One of the biggest puzzles in this complex human system is our brain, or more precisely, our minds. How our mind works is a bit of a mystery yet it's possible to learn something about its operation—and how to keep it in good order.

Fasting diets like the 5:2 or the 16/8 have become very popular. People might go on them to lose weight but maybe also to slow biological ageing and calm an overactive immune system. While there is lots of evidence for the benefits of the 5:2 diet in animals, there's hasn't been much in humans. Professor Luigi Fontana led an international team in a randomised trial of intermittent fasting in overweight men and women—whose average age was late 40s.

In the US a story has been bubbling away which might have implications for Australians. Sun Pharmaceuticals is a supplier of generic medications, and they're currently in a bit of hot water. In December 2022 the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) sent Sun Pharmaceuticals a letter regarding violations of the manufacturing process at Sun's plant in Gujarat, India.

Royals have a tendency to change the course of history — in life and in death. From King George III's apparent madness to Queen Victoria's genetic legacy, a look back at the illnesses (and deaths) that have shaped the world. This program was originally heard in September 2022.

Atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia characterised by a rapid and irregular heartbeat.  While stress is a known consequence of the condition, it can also bring on symptoms.  There is increasing evidence that relaxation methods like yoga and meditation can help manage the condition.  Guest:  Professor Peter Kistler Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute Head of Electrophysiology at The Alfred hospital

Some people experience a tingly feeling when they hear certain noises and a body of evidence is now forming to assess whether this feeling might be a useful intervention for people with anxiety.

There's a new perspective on how we think about the cause and progress of Alzheimer's disease. Are we doing the right thing by removing accumulated amyloid protein from the brains of people with it? New research asks whether decreasing the so-called bad stuff is beneficial—or can it go further—because that stuff could be beneficial.

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) affects 7 or 8 per cent of people in their 60s, and one in four people in their 80s. As more people hit their 80s and 90s, the number of those with mild cognitive impairment will increase.  Not all will develop Alzheimer's disease but the pressure on the health care system will be great, so a group of experts have come together with recommendations for detecting, assessing, and looking after people with MCI. This item was first heard in October 2022. Guest: Assoc. Prof Michael Woodward Director, Memory Clinic Austin Hospital, Melbourne

The cancer risks that run through generations of families—and the growing frontier in medicine trying to change that.

Telomeres are small 'caps' on the ends of your chromosomes—the length of telomeres is seen as an indicator of how fast we age.

If you're a human in 2022 you likely carry a bit of tech on you that tracks how physically active you are. But how can we be sure it's really promoting activity? Previous studies have had mixed results.

With COVID we've been very focused on vaccines and masks but there is more we can do to slow the spread—and there's a historical parallel.

It's expected now that, generally, we will live longer, but  individuals want to know how to spend a longer life in good health—and to set a good foundation. This program was first heard on 25 April, 2022 Dr Norman Swan's book was published in July 2022. Guest: Prof Luigi Fontana Leonard P Ullman Chair in Translational Metabolic Health Director, Healthy Longevity Research and Clinical Program Faculty of Medicine and Health,  University of Sydney Host: Dr Norman Swan Producer: Diane Dean

High blood pressure is one of the most toxic risk factors for heart attack, stroke, kidney damage, dementia, and probably premature ageing. It's incredibly important to get blood pressure under control. For the most part intensive treatment works, but there were disappointing results from a follow-up study of people who were trialled intensive treatment. Guest: Prof Bruce Neal Executive Director of the George Institute Host: Dr Norman Swan Producer: Diane Dean

The wellness space often refers to  nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide—or NAD for short. It can be found an in products promoting longevity— so it may give you pause for thought—but it shows promising results for use in human eyesight. Guest: Dr Flora Hui Optometrist Clinician Scientist ABC Top 5 Scientist 2022 Host: Tegan Tayor Producer: Diane Dean